Android组件之Service学习（1）两种使用方式与生命周期

一．使用Service的两种方式

1.      startService与stopService

2.      bindService与unbindService

两种方式的生命周期如下：

方式一：onCreate()----onStartCommand()---onDestroy()

需要注意的地方：

a.      startService可以多次调用，不过onCreate方法只首次执行，onStartCommand()方法每调用一次startService，就执行一次。

b.      stopService可以多次调用，不过onDestroy方法只首次执行。

c.      使用该方式，与Service通信可以借助onStartConmmand方式，在intent中传递参数。

d.      该方式只要启动，不调用stopService，当前调用者无论如何，Service都不会主动停止，这点和绑定服务（bindService）不同。

方式二：onCreate()---onBind()----onServiceConnected()---onUnBind()---onDestroy()

需要注意的地方：

a.      bindService可以调用多次，不过onCreate，onBind，onServiceConnected都执行一次。

b.      unbindService最多可以调用一次。

c.      使用该方式与Service通信，可以借助onBind返回接口的回调。

d.      该方式一般是和调用者绑定，带来的结果就是，当调用者销毁时，Service也会销毁。

一．简单使用

1.      Activity代码如下：

package com.example.serviceapp;

import com.example.serviceapp.MyService.MyBinder;

import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements android.view.View.OnClickListener{

    private Intent mServiceIntent;
    private Button mStartServiceBtn;
    private Button mStopServiceBtn;
    private Button mBindServiceBtn;
    private Button mUnbindServiceBtn;
    private EditText mEidtTextTx;
    private Button mSendMsgBtn;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mServiceIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
        initView();
        initListeners();
    }

    private void initView() {
        mStartServiceBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_service_btn);
        mStopServiceBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop_service_btn);
        mBindServiceBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_service_btn);
        mUnbindServiceBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.unbind_service_btn);
        mEidtTextTx = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_tx);
        mSendMsgBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_msg_btn);
    }
    
    private void initListeners() {
        mStartServiceBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        mStopServiceBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBindServiceBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        mUnbindServiceBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        mEidtTextTx.setOnClickListener(this);
        mSendMsgBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        int clickId = v.getId();
        switch (clickId) {
            case R.id.start_service_btn :
                startService(mServiceIntent);
                break;
            case R.id.stop_service_btn :
                stopService(mServiceIntent);
                break;
            case R.id.bind_service_btn :
                bindService(mServiceIntent, serviceConn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
                break;
            case R.id.unbind_service_btn :
                unbindService(serviceConn);
                break;
            case R.id.send_msg_btn :
                mBinder.sendMsg(mEidtTextTx.getText().toString());
                break;
            default :
                break;
        }
    }
    private ServiceConnection serviceConn = new ServiceConnection() {
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            System.out.println("onServiceDisconnected ------> + " + name);
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            System.out.println("onServiceConnected ");
            mBinder = (MyBinder) service;
        }
    };
    
    private MyBinder mBinder;
}

2.      Service代码如下：

package com.example.serviceapp;


import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MyService extends Service{

    public class MyBinder extends Binder {
        
        public void sendMsg(String msg) {
            System.out.println("sendMsg --------> " + msg);
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        System.out.println("onBind -------->");
        return new MyBinder();
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        System.out.println("onCreate -------->");
        super.onCreate();
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        System.out.println("onDestroy -------->");
        super.onDestroy();
    }
    
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        System.out.println("onStartCommand -------->");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
        System.out.println("onRebind -------->");
        super.onRebind(intent);
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        System.out.println("onUnbind -------->");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }
}

3.      XML文件代码如下：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.serviceapp.MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/start_service_btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="StartService" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/stop_service_btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="StopService" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bind_service_btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="BindService" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/unbind_service_btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="UnbindService" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/edit_tx"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="hello world" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send_msg_btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="SendMsg" />

</LinearLayout>