C++可变参数列表

可变参数列表，表示参数的个数是可变的

1. 可变参数列表

方法一

示例

#include <iostream>
#include <stdarg.h>

int32_t calSum(int32_t a1, int32_t a2, int32_t a3, int32_t a4)
{
    return a1+a2+a3+a4;
}

int32_t calSumArg(int32_t count, ...)
{
    va_list vl;
    va_start(vl, count);
    
    int32_t sumValue = 0;
    for(int32_t i = 0;i<count;i++)
    {
        sumValue+=va_arg(vl, int32_t);
    }
    
    va_end(vl);

    return sumValue;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int32_t i = 1;int32_t i1 = 2;int32_t i2 = 3;int32_t i3 = 4;int32_t i4 = 5;int32_t i5 = 6;
    std::cout<<"calSum value is: \t"<<calSum(i,i1,i2,i3)<<std::endl;

    std::cout<<"calSumArg value is: \t"<<calSumArg(6, i,i1,i2,i3,i4,i5)<<std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出

calSum value is:        10
calSumArg value is:     21

方法二

借助initializer_list将数据打包
示例

#include <iostream>
#include<initializer_list>

template<typename T>
T calSum(std::initializer_list<T> l){
	T sumValue = 0;
	for (auto tmp : l)
    {
        sumValue += tmp;
    } 
	return sumValue;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int32_t i = 11;int32_t i1 = 21;int32_t i2 = 31;int32_t i3 = 41;int32_t i4 = 51;int32_t i5 = 61;
    std::initializer_list<int32_t> ii{i,i1,i2,i3,i4,i5};
    std::cout<<"sum(int) is: \t\t"<<calSum(ii)<<std::endl;

    double d = 1.2; double d1 = 2.2; double d2 = 3.2; double d3 = 4.2; double d4 = 5.2; double d5 = 6.2; 
    std::initializer_list<double> id{d,d1,d2,d3,d4,d5};
    std::cout<<"sum(double) is: \t"<<calSum(id)<<std::endl;
    
    return 0;
}

输出

sum(int) is:            216
sum(double) is:         22.2

2. 可变参数模板

通过递归的方式来获取参数列表的值，递归函数的终止分为有参和无参两种

示例

#include <iostream>

//有参终止
template<typename T>
void showInfo(T t)
{
    std::cout<<"the last value is: "<<t<<std::endl;
}

//无参终止
//void showInfo(){}

template<typename T, typename ...Args>
void showInfo(T t, Args... args)
{   
    std::cout<<"t value is: " <<t<<std::endl;
    std::cout<<"size is: "<<sizeof...(args)<<std::endl;
    showInfo(args...);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int32_t i = 11;int32_t i1 = 21;int32_t i2 = 31;int32_t i3 = 41;int32_t i4 = 51;int32_t i5 = 61;
    showInfo(i,i1,i2,i3,i4,i5);
    
    return 0;
}

输出

//有参终止输出
t value is: 11
size is: 5
t value is: 21
size is: 4
t value is: 31
size is: 3
t value is: 41
size is: 2
t value is: 51
size is: 1
the last value is: 61

//无参终止输出
t value is: 11
size is: 5
t value is: 21
size is: 4
t value is: 31
size is: 3
t value is: 41
size is: 2
t value is: 51
size is: 1
t value is: 61
size is: 0