SpringMVC简单项目配置


一、首先,SpringMVC框架使用分层开发,分层是为了实现“高内聚,低耦合”。采用“分而治之”的思想,把问题划分开来各个解决,易于控制,延展和分配资源,最重要的是有利于后期项目维护。MVC是指Model(模型)、View(视图)、Controller(控制器),在SpringMVC的编程中一般具有四层,分别是:

表示层:(jsp、html)主要就是界面的展示

控制层:(Contoller、Action)控制界面跳转

业务层:(Service)调用DAO层,实现解耦合目的,虽然不要它也可以运行项目,但是会使项目后期的延展和维护变得困难

持久层:(DAO)也叫数据访问层,实现对数据库的访问

二、然后,注解的使用,在SpringMVC中经常用到注解,使用注解可以极大的节省开发者的时间,下面是几个最重要的注解介绍:

@Repository:标注数据访问层,可以告诉SpringMVC这是一个数据访问层,并将其申明为一个bean,例如UserDao接口的实现类UserDaoImpl,在类上加注解@Repository("userDao"),bean的名称为userDao

@Service:标注业务层,例如UserService接口的实现类,在类上加@Service("userService"),bean的名称为userService

@Controller:控制层,在控制层类上加@Controller即可,确认其是一个控制层类

@Component:当不确定是属于哪层是用这个注解

三、说的再多,不如做一遍,下面是一个简单的跳转并实现登录功能的SpringMVC项目的介绍

1.项目环境搭建,在eclipse下点击左上角File→New→Dynamic Web Projiect,创建项目MySpringMVC,新建项目结构如下

 在lib下导入jar包,在这里,需要的jar包有哪些就不介绍了,反正是能多不能少,多了不会报错,不明白就都弄进去吧。在WEB-INF下新建web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
	<!--处理从页面传递中文到后台而出现的中文乱码问题 -->
	  <!-- encoding start -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>  					
	        org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter  
	    </filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter> 
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern><!-- 对所有文件过滤 -->
  </filter-mapping>
  <!-- encoding ends -->
  <!-- 首页设置 -->
<welcome-file-list>
	<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
在WebContent下建一个index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
	This is MySpringMVC!
</body>
</html>
用tomcat运行项目,最好做每一步都运行下,看能通过不,不然后面很难发现错误


接下来实现页面的跳转在index.jsp里加入

<a href="toLogin.do">登录</a>

在WEB-INF下新建文件夹webPage,然后建立Login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>登录界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="userLogin.do" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="categoryId" value="1" />


<div class="login">
  <div class="loginleft">
     <p class="logotext">MySpringMVC登录界面</p>
   </div>
   <div class="loginright">
     <p class="loginrighttit">用户登录</p>
     <ul>
       <li><p>用&nbsp;&nbsp;户&nbsp;&nbsp;名:</p> <input name="userName" id="userName" type="text"/>
       </li>
       <li><p>密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;码:</p> <input name="loginPassword" id="loginPassword" type="password"/>
       </li>
</ul>
     <p><input name="" type="submit" value="登&nbsp;&nbsp;录" class="loginrightbutton" /></p>
   </div> 
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

在WEB-INF下建立文件夹xmlConfig,创建webConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
    <!-- 视图解释类 -->  
	<bean id="viewResolver"
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="viewClass" 
		value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
		<property name="prefix">
			<value>/WEB-INF/webPage/</value>
		</property>
		<property name="suffix">
			<value>.jsp</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
</beans>
在web.xml中添加配置文件

	<!-- SpringMVC  DispatcherServlet配置 -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>/WEB-INF/xmlConfig/webConfig.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<!-- springmvc 请求后缀 -->
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><!-- 拦截所有以.do结尾的请求,交于DispatcherServlet处理 -->
	</servlet-mapping>
在src中建立com.user.action包,创建UserAction类

package com.user.action;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
//标明这是一个控制层类
public class UserAction {
	@RequestMapping(value = "/toLogin.do")
	//响应index.jsp的登录请求
	public String login(ModelMap map){	
		return "/Login";
	}
}
在webConfig里添加
 <!-- 自动扫描的包名 ,扫描控制层-->  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.user.action"></context:component-scan>  
运行项目,结果如下

点击登录,界面跳转


2.以上是SpringMVC一个简单环境的配置,接下来是数据库的连接,需要在lib下导入mysql的jar包,下面是做一个简单的登录功能,采用mysql数据库,建立如下包结构,有利于分层开发

在WEB-INF下建立文件夹properties,建立db.properties,保存数据库配置信息,配置的信息一定不要错了,这里是我事先建好的一个test数据库,在里面建了个user表,id,name,password三个字段

#myspring Mysql数据库配置
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
user=root
password=123456
在WEB-INF/xmlConfig文件夹下建立globalAppliacation.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
	<!-- Activates scanning of @Service -->  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.user.service"/> 
    <!-- Activates scanning of @Repository -->  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.user.dao"/>
	<!-- 加载属性文件,分散配置解析 -->
	<!-- ====================================================================================== -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="/WEB-INF/properties/*.properties" />
	<!-- ====================================================================================== -->
	<!-- 配置 数据源 连接池 c3p0 -->
	<!-- ====================================================================================== -->
	<!-- 读写数据源 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
		destroy-method="close">
		<property name="driverClass" value="${driver}"></property>
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${url}"></property>
		<property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
		<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 配置jdbc模板类jdbcTemplate -->
	 <bean id="film-template" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">  
     <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>  
   </bean>  
</beans>
在web.xml中加入如下代码

		<!-- ContextLoaderListener的作用就是启动Web容器时,自动装配ApplicationContext的配置信息 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	<!-- 加载配置文件 -->
	<context-param>
	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
	<param-value>
	/WEB-INF/xmlConfig/globalApplication.xml
	</param-value>
	</context-param>
在com.user.vo中建立类UserVo,这是一个实体类
package com.user.vo;

public class UserVo {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String password;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	
}
然后在com.user.dao中建立接口UserDao
package com.user.dao;

import com.user.vo.UserVo;

public interface UserDao {
	public UserVo login(UserVo u);
}
在com.user.dao.impl中实现这个接口,类UserDaoImpl

package com.user.dao.impl;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.user.dao.UserDao;
import com.user.vo.UserVo;
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("film-template")//名字跟xml中配置的id要一致
	   /* 封装一个JdbcTemplate的模板对象 */  
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;  
  
    /* 通过set方法注入进来即可 */  
	public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
		return jdbcTemplate;
	}
	public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
		this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
	}
	@Override
	public UserVo login(UserVo u) {
		String sql="select * from user where name=? and password=?";
    	Object[] param = new Object[]{u.getName(),u.getPassword()};
		List<UserVo> la = jdbcTemplate.query(sql,param,new RowMapper<UserVo>() {
					public UserVo mapRow(ResultSet rs, int i)
							throws SQLException {
						UserVo vo = new UserVo();
						vo.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
						vo.setName(rs.getString("name"));
						vo.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
						return vo;
					}
				});
		if(la!=null&&la.size()>0){
			return la.get(0);
		}else{
			return null;
		}
	}

}
接口类UserService

package com.user.service;

import com.user.vo.UserVo;

public interface UserService {
	public UserVo login(UserVo u);
}
实现类UserServiceImpl

package com.user.service.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.user.dao.UserDao;
import com.user.service.UserService;
import com.user.vo.UserVo;
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("userDao")
	private UserDao userDao;
	public UserDao getUserDao() {
		return userDao;
	}
	public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
		this.userDao = userDao;
	}
	@Override
	public UserVo login(UserVo u) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return userDao.login(u);
	}

}
在UserAction中新建一个方法
package com.user.action;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.user.service.UserService;
import com.user.vo.UserVo;
@Controller
public class UserAction {
	@Autowired 
	@Qualifier("userService")
	private UserService userService;
	
	public UserService getUserService() {
		return userService;
	}
	public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
		this.userService = userService;
	}
	UserVo u=new UserVo();
	@RequestMapping(value = "/toLogin.do", method = {RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST })
	public String login(ModelMap map,HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{	
		return "/Login";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value="/userLogin", method = {RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST })
	public String loginCheck(ModelMap map,HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{
		String name=request.getParameter("userName");//获取Login.jsp传送过来的参数
		String password=request.getParameter("loginPassword");
		u.setName(name);
		u.setPassword(password);
		UserVo vo=userService.login(u);//通过业务层实现对数据访问层的访问
		if(vo==null)
			return "/error";
		else
			System.out.println(vo.getId());
			map.addAttribute("id",vo.getId());//向前台传送一个名字为id的参数,若能成功得到值,证明成功访问数据库
		return "/success";
		
	}
}
在webPage下建一个success.jsp,登录成功跳转到该界面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	成功,用户的ID为${id}
</body>
</html>
再建一个error.jsp,登录失败跳转到该界面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	失败!
</body>
</html>

下面是数据库user表中的数据信息


输入用户名admin,密码123456.点击登录



获取参数用户ID是2,数据库连接成功,登录相当于一个查询操作,只要数据库能连通,其他删除,修改,添加操作都挺容易的


















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