Spring MVC是spring的一个子模块,用于方便web应用的开发。以下是如何配置和使用spring mvc的一个简单示例。包括用xml文件配置映射以及使用spring的注解。
由于采用maven管理项目的依赖,所以无需自己手动下载各种jar包,在pom文件中添加依赖的坐标,maven会自动下载。
使用xml配置spring的控制器映射实例:
整个项目结构如下图所示:
pom文件中配置如下依赖:
整个web.xml配置如下:
所有以.htm结尾的请求都由spring的核心控制器DispatcherServlet进行处理,该处理器会找到具体的控制器进行请求处理。
mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml
控制器代码:
项目目录结构和上一个实例相同。
只是控制器是以注解形式的java文件。
spring的配置文件也有所不同。
使用xml配置spring的控制器映射实例:
整个项目结构如下图所示:
pom文件中配置如下依赖:
- <!-- Spring framework -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
- <version>2.5.6</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- Spring MVC framework -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>2.5.6</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- JSTL -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
- <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
- <version>1.1.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
- <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
- <version>1.1.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
- <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
- <version>2.5</version>
- <scope>provided</scope>
- </dependency>
<!-- Spring framework --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring</artifactId> <version>2.5.6</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring MVC framework --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>2.5.6</version> </dependency> <!-- JSTL --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
整个web.xml配置如下:
- <web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
- <display-name>Spring Web MVC Application</display-name>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- </web-app>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>Spring Web MVC Application</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
所有以.htm结尾的请求都由spring的核心控制器DispatcherServlet进行处理,该处理器会找到具体的控制器进行请求处理。
mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
- <bean id="viewResolver"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="prefix">
- <value>/pages/</value>
- </property>
- <property name="suffix">
- <value>.jsp</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean name="/welcome.htm"
- class="com.mkyong.common.controller.HelloWorldController" />
- </beans>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/pages/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> <bean name="/welcome.htm" class="com.mkyong.common.controller.HelloWorldController" /> </beans>
控制器代码:
- package com.mkyong.common.controller;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
- public class HelloWorldController extends AbstractController {
- @Override
- protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("HelloWorldPage"); //加上配置文件中的prefix和suffix就是完整的URL
- model.addObject("msg", "hello world"); //设置模型的值,在视图中可以访问
- return model;
- }
- }
package com.mkyong.common.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
public class HelloWorldController extends AbstractController {
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("HelloWorldPage"); //加上配置文件中的prefix和suffix就是完整的URL
model.addObject("msg", "hello world"); //设置模型的值,在视图中可以访问
return model;
}
}
spring mvc注解版
项目目录结构和上一个实例相同。
只是控制器是以注解形式的java文件。
- package com.mkyong.common.controller;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/welcome2008")
- public class HelloWorldController{
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public ModelAndView helloWorld(){
- ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("HelloWorldPage");
- model.addObject("msg", "hello world with spring annotation");
- return model;
- }
- }
package com.mkyong.common.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/welcome2008")
public class HelloWorldController{
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView helloWorld(){
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("HelloWorldPage");
model.addObject("msg", "hello world with spring annotation");
return model;
}
}
spring的配置文件也有所不同。
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.mkyong.common.controller" /> <!-- make annocation works -->
- <bean id="viewResolver"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
- <property name="prefix">
- <value>/pages/</value>
- </property>
- <property name="suffix">
- <value>.jsp</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mkyong.common.controller" /> <!-- make annocation works --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" > <property name="prefix"> <value>/pages/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
使用maven的命令 mvn jetty:run启动jetty容器后输入
http://localhost:8080/springMVCAnno/welcome2008.htm即可访问相应的jsp文件。即pages目录下的HelloWorldPage.jsp文件。
注意welcome2008是和控制器@RequestMapping("/welcome2008")一致的,如果不一致,会出现找不到错误。