Service

Service本质上是后台运行的可执行程序,它没有Activity那样的用户界面
Service不能与用户进行交互,不能自已启动,运行在后台
启动Service
有两种方法:
1): 通过Context.startService()方法启动一个指定的Service
startService(Intent);
Intent intent = new Intent(起始组件对象,目标Service.class);
startService(intent);

启动后的Service将在后台运行,具有自已的生命周期与当前组件不再有直接关联

eg:
 startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class));

public class MyService extends Service {
    private String TAG = "MyService";

    public MyService() {
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
       // throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
        //不涉及绑定服务,返回null
        return null;
    }

    //Service类创建时触发本方法
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i(TAG,"Service is onCreate ");
    }
    //Service类的实例被启动时触发
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG,"Service  onStartCommand");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }
    //Service的一个实例被收回时,执行此方法
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i(TAG,"Service onDestory");
    }
}

当点击启动服务按钮时:
I/MyService: Service is onCreate 
I/MyService: Service  onStartCommand
点击关闭服务按钮时:
I/MyService: Service onDestory

2)通过Context.bindService()方法将一个指定的Service与当前的组件(如Activity)绑定
bindService()方法在绑定时,可以设置启动并绑定,或只绑定不启动
bindService(Intent intent, ServiceConnection conn, int flags);
作用:与intent指定的目标Service绑定
参数1:启动intent对象中指定的目标Service
参数2:是一个ServiceConnection对象,该对象用于监听访问者与Service之间的连接情况
当绑定成功时,调用ServiceConnection对象的onServiceConnected方法当解除绑定时调用onServiceDisconnected方法
参数3:指定绑定时是否自动创建 Service,0:不自动创建Service,BIND_AUTO_CREATE:自动创建Service

onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder iBinder)
作用:绑定成功时,触发本方法
参数1:被绑定的Service的一个实例
参数2:通过被绑定的Service类中的onBind方法返回一个IBind类型的对象

eg:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Button btbind;
    private Button btunbind;
    MyService.MyBinder mBinder;//定义成员变量
    private String TAG = "MyService";
    private boolean mIsBind = false;

    private ServiceConnection mConn = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
            //绑定成功时触发
            mBinder = (MyService.MyBinder)iBinder;
            mBinder.print("Hello this is from MainActivity ---");
            Log.i(TAG,"onServiceConnected");
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
            Log.i(TAG,"onServiceDisconnected");
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        btbind = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
        btunbind  = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);

        btbind.setOnClickListener(this);
        btunbind.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()){
            case R.id.button:
                bindService(new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class),
                        mConn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
                mIsBind = true;

                break;
            case R.id.button2:
                if(mIsBind){
                    unbindService(mConn);
                    mIsBind = false;
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}


public class MyService extends Service {
    private String TAG = "MyService";

    public MyService() {
    }
    MyBinder mBinder;
    //自定义内部类,该类是Binder的子类,用于绑定时传递对象
    public class MyBinder extends Binder{
        public void print(String text){
            Log.i(TAG,text);
        }
    }
    //将对象返回至绑定的Activity
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
       Log.i(TAG,"MyService onBind()");

       return mBinder;
    }

    //Service类创建时触发本方法
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i(TAG,"Service is onCreate ");
        mBinder = new MyBinder();
    }
    //Service类的实例被启动时触发
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG,"Service  onStartCommand");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }
   //解除绑定时调用

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG,"MyService onUnbind");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }
    //再次绑定时调用

    @Override
    public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG,"MyService onRebind()");

        super.onRebind(intent);
    }
}


当点击绑定服务时
I/MyService: Service is onCreate 
I/MyService: MyService onBind()
I/MyService: Hello this is from MainActivity ---
I/MyService: onServiceConnected
当点击解除绑定时
I/MyService: MyService onUnbind

Service生命周期图