本文详细记录了在Ubuntu 16.04环境中使用Docker的操作过程，包括Docker服务的启动与状态检查，镜像的搜索、创建与管理，容器的运行与调试，以及Docker网络设置。通过具体实例，展示了如何修改容器内的文件，创建新的Docker镜像，并运行多个版本的nginx容器。
docker操作记录（Ubuntu-16.04环境）
Xshell 6 (Build 0115)
Copyright (c) 2002 NetSarang Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[C:\~]$
Connecting to 192.168.114.130:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press Ctrl+Alt+].
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-70-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
* Overheard at KubeCon: "microk8s.status just blew my mind".
https://microk8s.io/docs/commands#microk8s.status
13 个可升级软件包。
10 个安全更新。
Last login: Tue Oct 15 13:18:39 2019
root@coder:~# ls
root@coder:~#
root@coder:~#
root@coder:~#
root@coder:~#
root@coder:~# cd /etc/docker/
root@coder:/etc/docker# ls
daemon.json key.json
root@coder:/etc/docker# more daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://uog9ef8i.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
root@coder:/etc/docker# whereis dig
dig: /usr/bin/dig /usr/share/man/man1/dig.1.gz
root@coder:/etc/docker# ping https://uog9ef8i.mirror.aliyuncs.com
^C
root@coder:/etc/docker# nslookup https://uog9ef8i.mirror.aliyuncs.com
Server: 127.0.1.1
Address: 127.0.1.1#53
** server can't find https://uog9ef8i.mirror.aliyuncs.com: SERVFAIL
root@coder:/etc/docker# apt-cache search docker
libcib-dev - cluster resource manager CIB library development
libcib4 - cluster resource manager CIB library
libcrmcluster-dev - cluster resource manager cluster library development
libcrmcluster4 - cluster resource manager cluster library
libcrmcommon-dev - cluster resource manager common library development
libcrmcommon3 - cluster resource manager common library
libcrmservice-dev - cluster resource manager service library development
libcrmservice3 - cluster resource manager service library
liblrmd-dev - cluster resource manager LRMD library development
liblrmd1 - cluster resource manager LRMD library
libpe-rules2 - cluster resource manager Policy Engine rules library
libpe-status10 - cluster resource manager Policy Engine status library
libpengine-dev - cluster resource manager Policy Engine library development
libpengine10 - cluster resource manager Policy Engine library
libstonithd-dev - cluster resource manager STONITH daemon library development
libstonithd2 - cluster resource manager STONITH daemon library
libtransitioner2 - cluster resource manager transitioner library
pacemaker - cluster resource manager
pacemaker-cli-utils - cluster resource manager command line utilities
pacemaker-common - cluster resource manager common files
pacemaker-doc - cluster resource manager HTML documentation
pacemaker-resource-agents - cluster resource manager general resource agents
python-magnumclient - client library for Magnum API - Python 2.x
python-magnumclient-doc - client library for Magnum API - doc
cadvisor - analyze resource usage and performance characteristics of running containers
ctop - Command line / text based Linux Containers monitoring tool
debocker - docker-powered package builder for Debian
debootstick - Turn a chroot environment into a bootable image
docker - System tray for KDE3/GNOME2 docklet applications
docker-compose - Punctual, lightweight development environments using Docker
docker-registry - Docker toolset to pack, ship, store, and deliver content
docker.io - Linux container runtime
golang-docker-dev - Transitional package for golang-github-docker-docker-dev
golang-github-docker-distribution-dev - Docker toolset to pack, ship, store, and deliver content (source)
golang-github-docker-docker-dev - Externally reusable Go packages included with Docker
golang-github-docker-go-units-dev - parse and print size and time units in human-readable format
golang-github-docker-libkv-dev - Key/Value store abstraction library
golang-github-docker-libtrust-dev - Primitives for identity and authorization
golang-github-docker-notary-dev - tool for running and interacting with trusted collections
golang-github-docker-spdystream-dev - multiplexed stream library using spdy
golang-github-endophage-gotuf-dev - Go implementation of the TUF specification
golang-github-fsouza-go-dockerclient-dev - Docker client library in Go
golang-github-google-cadvisor-dev - analyze resource usage and performance of running containers
golang-github-samalba-dockerclient-dev - Docker client library in Go
golang-github-vishvananda-netlink-dev - netlink library for go
gosu - Simple Go-based setuid+setgid+setgroups+exec
karbon - vector graphics application for the Calligra Suite
kdocker - lets you dock any application into the system tray
libnss-docker - nss module for finding Docker containers
magnum-api - OpenStack containers as a service
magnum-common - OpenStack containers as a service - API server
magnum-conductor - OpenStack containers as a service - conductor
needrestart - check which daemons need to be restarted after library upgrades
ovn-docker - OVN Docker drivers
pacemaker-remote - cluster resource manager proxy daemon for remote nodes
pidgin - graphical multi-protocol instant messaging client for X
python-dockerpty - Pseudo-tty handler for docker Python client (Python 2.x)
python-magnum - OpenStack containers as a service - Python library
python3-dockerpty - Pseudo-tty handler for docker Python client (Python 3.x)
python3-magnumclient - client library for Magnum API - Python 3.x
rawdns - raw DNS interface to the Docker API
ruby-docker-api - Ruby gem to interact with docker.io remote API
sen - Terminal user interface for docker engine
systemd-docker - wrapper for "docker run" to handle systemd quirks
vim-syntax-docker - Docker container engine - Vim highlighting syntax files
docker-doc - Linux container runtime -- documentation
golang-github-docker-containerd-dev - runC develpoment files
golang-github-opencontainers-runc-dev - Open Container Project - development files
python-docker - Python wrapper to access docker.io's control socket
python3-docker - Python 3 wrapper to access docker.io's control socket
cockpit-docker - Cockpit user interface for Docker containers
docker-ce-cli - Docker CLI: the open-source application container engine
docker-ce - Docker: the open-source application container engine
root@coder:/etc/docker# systemctl start docker
root@coder:/etc/docker# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 三 2019-12-04 13:19:18 CST; 3min 25s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 1841 (dockerd)
Tasks: 12
Memory: 124.7M
CPU: 1.155s
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─1841 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
12月 04 13:19:13 coder dockerd[1841]: time="2019-12-04T13:19:13.268794332+08:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt period"
12月 04 13:19:13 coder dockerd[1841]: time="2019-12-04T13:19:13.268802119+08:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime"
12月 04 13:19:13 coder dockerd[1841]: time="2019-12-04T13:19:13.269288992+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
12月 04 13:19:16 coder dockerd[1841]: time="2019-12-04T13:19:16.447675606+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. D
12月 04 13:19:16 coder dockerd[1841]: time="2019-12-04T13:19:16.705922675+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
12月 04 13:19:18 coder dockerd[1841]: time="2019-12-04T13:19:18.182512939+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=633a0ea838 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=19.03.5
12月 04 13:19:18 coder dockerd[1841]: time="2019-12-04T13:19:18.257751749+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
12月 04 13:19:18 coder systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
12月 04 13:19:18 coder dockerd[1841]: time="2019-12-04T13:19:18.550338764+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
12月 04 13:22:39 coder systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 231d40e811cd 11 days ago 126MB
centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 2 months ago 220MB
ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible latest 4621d4fe2959 4 years ago 461MB
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker run --name webserver -d -p 80:80 nginx
e188b46041a5885c20f2ff3d2b4e68ee815081a50cc64e96b724969a7122227a
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e188b46041a5 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
root@coder:/etc/docker# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1c:70:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.44.135/24 brd 192.168.44.255 scope global dynamic ens32
valid_lft 1536sec preferred_lft 1536sec
inet6 fe80::4167:6166:4b25:b08f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens35: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1c:70:1b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.114.130/24 brd 192.168.114.255 scope global dynamic ens35
valid_lft 1536sec preferred_lft 1536sec
inet6 fe80::bedc:3e6a:d88c:c39e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:43:27:75:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:43ff:fe27:756c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: veth953ea42@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether f6:12:e5:ea:7a:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::f412:e5ff:feea:7a8c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker search cmake
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
haffmans/cmake-qt5 Ubuntu based image with git, CMake and Qt5 d… 3 [OK]
msrd0/cmake-qt5 Docker image with CMake and Qt5 2 [OK]
lycantropos/cmake CMake Docker image 1 [OK]
techio/cmake-gcc-runner 1
jlouazel/cmake-boost Image used to build projects with CMake, g++… 1
saschpe/cmakelint cmakelint Docker container based on Alpine … 1 [OK]
matrim/cmake-examples Used for testing the cmake-examples reposito… 0
dhermit/cmakefortran ArchLinux image with CMake, GFortran, Doxyxe… 0 [OK]
ilssim/cmake-boost-qt5 cmake-boost-qt5 0 [OK]
drdanz/cmake 0
reporter123/cmake buldpack-deps based image with cmake and cla… 0 [OK]
mickare/cmake-clang Ubuntu image with clang and cmake installed 0 [OK]
chris298/cmakebuildlinux 0
devcafe/cmake-cookbook_circleci_ubuntu16.04-intel2018.1 Docker image for testing CMake Cookbook on C… 0 [OK]
devcafe/cmake-cookbook_circleci_ubuntu16.04-pgi18.4 Docker image for testing CMake Cookbook on C… 0 [OK]
samblaise/cmake-boost Image with cmake, boost and gcc based on ubu… 0 [OK]
nercury/cmake-cpp Docker image of various C++ compilers bundle… 0
yolo/cmake_resource 0
mrts/cmake-gtest-valgrind-ubuntu Docker image with CMake, Google Test, Valgri… 0
haffmans/cmake-qt5-qommando Ubuntu based image with git, CMake, Qt5 and … 0 [OK]
odaceo/cmake 0
kaskada/cmake-gcc5 0 [OK]
slaves/cmake cmake slave 0 [OK]
2651bc1e8f/cmake_llvm-4.0 0
ataber/cmake 0
root@coder:/etc/docker# cmake-clang
cmake-clang：未找到命令
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker search cmake-clang
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mickare/cmake-clang Ubuntu image with clang and cmake installed 0 [OK]
ironpark/cmake-clang-openssl-libuv 0
thomascassimon/cmake-clang 0
daancode/cmake-clang Build env for cmake and clang. 0
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker container -ls
unknown shorthand flag: 'l' in -ls
See 'docker container --help'.
Usage: docker container COMMAND
Manage containers
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers
kill Kill one or more running containers
logs Fetch the logs of a container
ls List containers
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
prune Remove all stopped containers
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
run Run a command in a new container
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e188b46041a5 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker exec -it webserver bash
root@e188b46041a5:/# echo '<h1> hello, docker1 <h1>' /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
<h1> hello, docker1 <h1> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
root@e188b46041a5:/# exit
exit
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker diff webserver
C /run
A /run/nginx.pid
C /var
C /var/cache
C /var/cache/nginx
A /var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/client_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker images --format "{{.ID}}: {{.Repository}}"
231d40e811cd: nginx
0f3e07c0138f: centos
4621d4fe2959: ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker image --format "{{.ID}}: {{.Repository}}"
unknown flag: --format
See 'docker image --help'.
Usage: docker image COMMAND
Manage images
Commands:
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
history Show the history of an image
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
inspect Display detailed information on one or more images
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
ls List images
prune Remove unused images
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rm Remove one or more images
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker images --format "{{.ID}}: {{.Repository}}"
231d40e811cd: nginx
0f3e07c0138f: centos
4621d4fe2959: ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker images --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Repository}}\t{{.Tag}}"
IMAGE ID REPOSITORY TAG
231d40e811cd nginx latest
0f3e07c0138f centos latest
4621d4fe2959 ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible latest
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker exec -it webserver bash
root@e188b46041a5:/# echo '<h1>Hello, Docker!</h1>' > /usr/share
bash: /usr/share: Is a directory
root@e188b46041a5:/# echo '<h1>Hello, Docker!</h1>' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
root@e188b46041a5:/# exit
exit
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker diff webserver
C /run
A /run/nginx.pid
C /usr
C /usr/share
C /usr/share/nginx
C /usr/share/nginx/html
C /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
C /var
C /var/cache
C /var/cache/nginx
A /var/cache/nginx/client_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker commit \
> --author "xue <shuitian_ys@126.com>" \
> --message "modify the default web" \
> nginx:v2
Error response from daemon: No such container: nginx:v2
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 231d40e811cd 11 days ago 126MB
centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 2 months ago 220MB
ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible latest 4621d4fe2959 4 years ago 461MB
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e188b46041a5 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker commit \
> --author "xue <shuitian_ys@126.com>" \
> --message "modify the default web" \
> webserver \
> nginx:v2
sha256:50776ea0e5a44a9c43652f76e3a44ae5f9541dcaa7ae38f343ec9315c8e7c4e5
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx v2 50776ea0e5a4 19 seconds ago 126MB
nginx latest 231d40e811cd 11 days ago 126MB
centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 2 months ago 220MB
ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible latest 4621d4fe2959 4 years ago 461MB
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker history
"docker history" requires exactly 1 argument.
See 'docker history --help'.
Usage: docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
Show the history of an image
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker history nginx:v2
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
50776ea0e5a4 54 seconds ago nginx -g daemon off; 213B modify the default web
231d40e811cd 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx… 22B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup --system -… 57.1MB
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.7 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:bc8179c87c8dbb3d9… 69.2MB
root@coder:/etc/docker#
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker history nginx:v2
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
50776ea0e5a4 About a minute ago nginx -g daemon off; 213B modify the default web
231d40e811cd 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx… 22B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup --system -… 57.1MB
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.7 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> 11 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:bc8179c87c8dbb3d9… 69.2MB
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker run --name web2 -d -p 81:80 nginx:v2
a279c8cb04300e443d9a1679260759d89491f5ebc658b5b930b9cd56f228287d
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx v2 50776ea0e5a4 About a minute ago 126MB
nginx latest 231d40e811cd 11 days ago 126MB
centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 2 months ago 220MB
ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible latest 4621d4fe2959 4 years ago 461MB
root@coder:/etc/docker# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a279c8cb0430 nginx:v2 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 12 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp web2
e188b46041a5 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
root@coder:/etc/docker#
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