Java IO:NIO通道

一、通道（Channel）：

用于源节点与目标节点的连接。在 Java NIO 中负责缓冲区中数据的传输。Channel 本身不存储数据，因此需要配合缓冲区进行传输。

二、通道的主要实现类
java.nio.channels.Channel 接口：

• FileChannel

• SocketChannel

• ServerSocketChannel

• DatagramChannel

   //利用通道完成文件的复制（非直接缓冲区）
   FileInputStream fis = null;
   FileOutputStream fos = null;
   //①获取通道
   FileChannel inChannel = null;
   FileChannel outChannel = null;
   try {
   	fis = new FileInputStream("d:/1.mkv");
   	fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/2.mkv");
   	
   	inChannel = fis.getChannel();
   	outChannel = fos.getChannel();
   	
   	//②分配指定大小的缓冲区
   	ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
   	
   	//③将通道中的数据存入缓冲区中
   	while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
   		buf.flip(); //切换读取数据的模式
   		//④将缓冲区中的数据写入通道中
   		outChannel.write(buf);
   		buf.clear(); //清空缓冲区
   	}
   } catch (IOException e) {
   	e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
   	if(outChannel != null){
   		try {
   			outChannel.close();
   		} catch (IOException e) {
   			e.printStackTrace();
   		}
   	}
   	if(inChannel != null){
   		try {
   			inChannel.close();
   		} catch (IOException e) {
   			e.printStackTrace();
   		}
   	}
   	if(fos != null){
   		try {
   			fos.close();
   		} catch (IOException e) {
   			e.printStackTrace();
   		}
   	}
   	if(fis != null){
   		try {
   			fis.close();
   		} catch (IOException e) {
   			e.printStackTrace();
   		}
   	}
   }
  

三、获取通道

1. Java 针对支持通道的类提供了 getChannel() 方法
   本地 IO：

• FileInputStream/FileOutputStream

• RandomAccessFile

  网络IO：

• Socket

• ServerSocket

• DatagramSocket

2. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 针对各个通道提供了静态方法 open()

3. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 的 Files 工具类的 newByteChannel()

      //使用直接缓冲区完成文件的复制(内存映射文件)
      FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
      FileChannel outChannel = 		FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
      	
      	//内存映射文件
      	MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf = inChannel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());
      	MappedByteBuffer outMappedBuf = outChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size());
      	
      	//直接对缓冲区进行数据的读写操作
      	byte[] dst = new byte[inMappedBuf.limit()];
      	inMappedBuf.get(dst);
      	outMappedBuf.put(dst);
      	
      	inChannel.close();
      	outChannel.close();
   

四、通道之间的数据传输

transferFrom()
transferTo()

//通道之间的数据传输(直接缓冲区)
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
		
//inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel);
outChannel.transferFrom(inChannel, 0, inChannel.size());
		
inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();

五、分散(Scatter)与聚集(Gather)

分散读取（Scattering Reads）：将通道中的数据分散到多个缓冲区中
聚集写入（Gathering Writes）：将多个缓冲区中的数据聚集到通道中

RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");	

//1. 获取通道
FileChannel channel1 = raf1.getChannel();	

//2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
ByteBuffer buf2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

//3. 分散读取
ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buf1, buf2};
channel1.read(bufs);	
for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) {
	byteBuffer.flip();
}
System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(), 0, bufs[0].limit()));
System.out.println("-----------------");
System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(), 0, bufs[1].limit()));

//4. 聚集写入
RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw");
FileChannel channel2 = raf2.getChannel();
channel2.write(bufs);

六、字符集：Charset

编码：字符串 -> 字节数组
解码：字节数组 -> 字符串

Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("GBK");
	
//获取编码器
CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();
	
//获取解码器
CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();
	
CharBuffer cBuf = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
cBuf.put("尚硅谷威武！");
cBuf.flip();
	
//编码
ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuf);
	
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
	System.out.println(bBuf.get());
}
	
//解码
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());
	
System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
	
Charset cs2 = Charset.forName("GBK");
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf3.toString());