selenium

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-21 20:50:47 发布

路和远方

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-21 20:50:47 发布

阅读量166

点赞数

分类专栏： Python 文章标签： selenium

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/shuzhuchengfu/article/details/83755398

版权

Python 专栏收录该内容

34 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

selenium

插件下载

驱动下载地址：http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
selenium安装： pip install selenium

API

1.Sample

	# 开启浏览器
    driver_path = "chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path)
    driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
    # 不开启浏览器
    option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    option.add_argument("headless")
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=option)
    driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

2.关闭浏览器

# 关闭当前页面
driver.quit()
# 关闭浏览器
driver.close()

3.定位元素

find_element 是获取第一个满足条件的元素
find_elements 是获取所有满足条件的元素

    # 根据id 查找元素
    driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
    # 根据name 属性来查找元素
    driver.find_element_by_name("kw")
    # 根据类型查找元素
    driver.find_element_by_class_name("kw")
    # 根据标签名来查找元素
    driver.find_element_by_tag_name("div")
    # 根据xpath语法来获取元素
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div")
    # 根据css选择器来获取元素
    # 选择器下的input元素
    driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".quickdelete-wrap > input")

4.操作表单元素

普通操作

    # 根据id 查找元素
    search_ele = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
    # 清除
    search_ele.clear()
    # 输入
    search_ele.send_keys("Python")
    # 点击
    driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()

Select

Select Demo

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Select Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
    function t(name) {
        var selecteItem = document.getElementById("selectTest"); //拿到select对象
        var index = selecteItem.selectedIndex ;   //拿到选中项的索引
        var selectedValue = selecteItem.options[index].value; //拿到选中项options的value
        alert(selectedValue)
    }
</script>
<form>
    <select id="selectTest" onchange="t(this)">
        <option value="https://www.baidu.com">百度</option>
        <option value="https://www.google.com">谷歌</option>
        <option value="https://www.sina.com.cn/">新浪</option>
    </select>
</form>
</body>
</html>

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver_path = "chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path)
    driver.get("http://localhost:5000/select")
    # 根据id 查找元素
    select_ele = Select(driver.find_element_by_id("selectTest"))
    # 根据索引选择
    # select_ele.select_by_index(1)
    # 根据可视文本查找
    # select_ele.select_by_visible_text("谷歌")
    # 根据value值查找
    # select_ele.select_by_value("https://
    # 取消所有选项
    # select_ele.deselect_all()

5.行为链

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver_path = "chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path)
    driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
    # 行为链
    input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
    click_btn = driver.find_element_by_id("su")
    actions = ActionChains(driver)
    actions.move_to_element(input_tag)
    actions.send_keys_to_element(input_tag,"Python")
    actions.move_to_element(click_btn)
    actions.click(click_btn)
    actions.perform()

click_and_hold 鼠标点击但不松开
context_click 右击
double_click 双击
更多方法参考 https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html

6.Cookie

from selenium import webdriver
if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver_path = "chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path)
    driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
    # cookie
    # 获取所有cookie
    all_cookies = driver.get_cookies()
    for cookie in all_cookies:
        print(cookie)
    # 根据key获取cookie
    cookie = driver.get_cookie("BAIDUID")
    print(cookie)
    # 删除cookie
    driver.delete_cookie("BAIDUID")
    # 删除所有cookie
    driver.delete_all_cookies()

7.等待

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver_path = "chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path)
    # 隐式等待 在获取不可用元素之前先等待10s
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
    # 显式等待 某个条件成立才执行获取元素的操作
    try:
        element =WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,"kw"))
        )
    finally:
        driver.close()

presence_of_element_located 某个元素已加载完毕
presence_all_of_element_located 页面中所有满足条件的元素已经加载完毕
element_to_be_clickable 某个元素可以点击了
更多方法参考 https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/waits.html

8.切换页面

from selenium import webdriver
if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver_path = "chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path)
    url = "https://www.baidu.com"
    driver.get(url)
    # 打开一个新页面
    driver.execute_script("window.open('" + url + "')")
    # 切换至新页面
    driver.switch_to_window(driver.window_handles[1])
    # 输入Python
    driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("Python")
    # 点击
    driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()

9.设置代理ip

from selenium import webdriver
if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver_path = "chromedriver.exe"
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    options.add_argument("--proxy-server=http://124.235.181.175:80")
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path,options=options)
    url = "http://httpbin.org/ip"
    driver.get(url)