序列化与反序列化

序列化基本概念

定义：将内存中保存的对象变为二进制数据流的形式进行传输或保存在文本中。

实现：Java中类若要被序列化输出，该类必须实现Serializable接口。该接口是一个标识接口，表示该类具有序列化的功能。

public interface Serializable {
}

序列化与反序列化操作

要想实现序列化与反序列化的对象操作，需要使用io包提供的两个类ObjectOutputStream、ObjectInputStream


范例：实现对象序列化

import java.io.*;

class Person implements Serializable{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}
public class TestFileStream {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        File file = new File("C:" + File.separator + "Users" + File.separator
                + "DELL" + File.separator + "Desktop" + File.separator + "Test.txt");
        Person person = new Person("改革开放",40);
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
        oos.writeObject(person);
        oos.close();
    }
}

范例：实现对象反序列化

import java.io.*;

class Person implements Serializable{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}
public class TestFileStream {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        File file = new File("C:" + File.separator + "Users" + File.separator
                + "DELL" + File.separator + "Desktop" + File.separator + "Test.txt");
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
        Object result = ois.readObject();
        System.out.println(result);
        ois.close();
    }
}

transient关键字

使用Serializable序列化输出时，默认将对象的所有属性以及值均序列化以及反序列化。如果希望某些属性值不进行序列化输出，可以在属性前加transient关键字

import java.io.*;

class Person implements Serializable{
    private String name;
    private transient int age;   // 加上transient关键字

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}
public class TestFileStream {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        File file = new File("C:" + File.separator + "Users" + File.separator
                + "DELL" + File.separator + "Desktop" + File.separator + "Test.txt");
        Person person = new Person("改革开放",40);
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
        oos.writeObject(person);
        oos.close();

        File file1 = new File("C:" + File.separator + "Users" + File.separator
                + "DELL" + File.separator + "Desktop" + File.separator + "Test.txt");
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file1));
        Object result = ois.readObject();
        System.out.println(result);
        ois.close();
    }
}

运行结果：

Person{name='改革开放', age=0}