教你如何使用Maven模板生成一个项目

Maven带有超过40+个Maven模板，让开发者快速开始一个新的Java项目。这一章，演示怎样使用Maven的命令“mvn archetype:generate”生成一个新的Java Web项目。 

下面是使用Maven模板生成项目的步骤。 

1、mvn archetype:generate命令 

定位到要生成的项目的目录下，如“D:\workspace\maven-test”。在命令行窗口，执行“mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=internal”命令以生成一个新的项目。Maven将列出已经存在的40+Maven模板项目供我们选择。在这个例子中，选择19以创建一个简单的Java web应用程序项目模板(这里使用的是Maven 3.03版本,Maven 2可能有所不同)： 

使用Maven创建项目过程1 
D:\workspace\maven-test>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=internal 
[INFO] Scanning for projects... 
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom >>> 
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom <<< 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom --- 
[INFO] Generating project in Interactive mode 
[INFO] No archetype defined. Using maven-archetype-quickstart (org.apache.maven. 
archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0) 
Choose archetype: 
1: internal -> appfuse-basic-jsf (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and JSF) 
2: internal -> appfuse-basic-spring (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Spring MVC) 
3: internal -> appfuse-basic-struts (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Struts 2) 
4: internal -> appfuse-basic-tapestry (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Tapestry 4) 
5: internal -> appfuse-core (AppFuse archetype for creating a jar application with Hibernate and Spring and XFire) 
6: internal -> appfuse-modular-jsf (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular application with Hibernate, Spring and JSF) 
7: internal -> appfuse-modular-spring (AppFuse archetype for creating a modularapplication with Hibernate, Spring and Spring MVC) 
8: internal -> appfuse-modular-struts (AppFuse archetype for creating a modularapplication with Hibernate, Spring and Struts 2) 
9: internal -> appfuse-modular-tapestry (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular application with Hibernate, Spring and Tapestry 4) 
10: internal -> makumba-archetype (Archetype for a simple Makumba application)11: internal -> maven-archetype-j2ee-simple (A simple J2EE Java application) 
12: internal -> maven-archetype-marmalade-mojo (A Maven plugin development project using marmalade) 
13: internal -> maven-archetype-mojo (A Maven Java plugin development project) 
14: internal -> maven-archetype-portlet (A simple portlet application) 
15: internal -> maven-archetype-profiles () 
16: internal -> maven-archetype-quickstart () 
17: internal -> maven-archetype-site-simple (A simple site generation project) 
18: internal -> maven-archetype-site (A more complex site project) 
19: internal -> maven-archetype-webapp (A simple Java web application) 
20: internal -> data-app (A new Databinder application with sources and resources.) 
21: internal -> camel-archetype-component (Creates a new Camel component) 
22: internal -> camel-archetype-activemq (Creates a new Camel project that configures and interacts with ActiveMQ) 
23: internal -> camel-archetype-java (Creates a new Camel project using Java DSL) 
24: internal -> camel-archetype-scala (Creates a new Camel project using Scala DSL) 
25: internal -> camel-archetype-spring (Creates a new Camel project with added Spring DSL support) 
26: internal -> camel-archetype-war (Creates a new Camel project that deploys the Camel Web Console, REST API, and your routes as a WAR) 
27: internal -> jini-service-archetype (Archetype for Jini service project creation) 
28: internal -> jbosscc-seam-archetype (Maven Archetype to generate a Seam Application- Documentation) 
29: internal -> softeu-archetype-seam (JSF+Facelets+Seam Archetype) 
30: internal -> softeu-archetype-seam-simple (JSF+Facelets+Seam (no persistence) Archetype) 
31: internal -> softeu-archetype-jsf (JSF+Facelets Archetype) 
32: internal -> jpa-maven-archetype (JPA application) 
33: internal -> spring-osgi-bundle-archetype (Spring-OSGi archetype) 
34: internal -> bamboo-plugin-archetype (Atlassian Bamboo plugin archetype) 
35: internal -> confluence-plugin-archetype (Atlassian Confluence plugin archetype) 
36: internal -> jira-plugin-archetype (Atlassian JIRA plugin archetype) 
37: internal -> maven-archetype-har (Hibernate Archive) 
38: internal -> maven-archetype-sar (JBoss Service Archive) 
39: internal -> wicket-archetype-quickstart (A simple Apache Wicket project) 
40: internal -> quickstart (A simple Apache Tapestry 5 Project) 
41: internal -> scala-archetype-simple (A simple scala project) 
42: internal -> lift-archetype-blank (A blank/empty liftweb project) 
43: internal -> lift-archetype-basic (The basic (liftweb) project) 
44: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-block-plain (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/) 
45: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-block (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/) 
46: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-webapp (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/) 
47: internal -> myfaces-archetype-helloworld (A simple archetype using MyFaces) 
48: internal -> myfaces-archetype-helloworld-facelets (A simple archetype using MyFaces and facelets) 
49: internal -> myfaces-archetype-trinidad (A simple archetype using Myfaces and Trinidad) 
50: internal -> myfaces-archetype-jsfcomponents (A simple archetype for create custom JSF components using MyFaces) 
51: internal -> gmaven-archetype-basic (Groovy basic archetype) 
52: internal -> gmaven-archetype-mojo (Groovy mojo archetype) 
53: internal -> struts2-archetype-starter (Struts 2 Starter Archetype) 
54: internal -> tynamo-archetype (Creates a CRUD web application based on Tapestry 5 and Tynamo, a model-driven Java web framework) 
55: internal -> tellurium-junit-archetype (Tellurium JUnit project archetype for the Tellurium Automated Testing Framework) 
56: internal -> tellurium-testng-archetype (Tellurium TestNG project archetype for the Tellurium Automated Testing Framework) 
57: internal -> scalate-archetype-empty (Generates a Scalate empty web application) 
58: internal -> scalate-archetype-guice (Generates a Scalate Jog web application) 
Choose a number: 16: 
选择19，Maven会自动下载所需的依赖库文件，这可能会耗费一些时间。 

2、项目详细信息 

接下来，会让填写项目的详细信息： 

填写项目详细信息 
Define value for property 'groupId': : com.xuejava 
Define value for property 'artifactId': : com.xuejavaweb 
Define value for property 'version':  1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0 
Define value for property 'package':  com.xuejava: : 
完整的过程如下： 

项目生成过程2 
…… 
Choose a number: 16: 19 
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc 
hetype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar 
Downloaded: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arch 
etype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar (4 KB at 1.7 KB/sec) 
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc 
hetype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom 
Downloaded: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arch 
etype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom (533 B at 0.1 KB/sec) 
Define value for property 'groupId': : com.xuejava 
Define value for property 'artifactId': : com.xuejavaweb 
Define value for property 'version':  1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0 
Define value for property 'package':  com.xuejava: : 
Confirm properties configuration: 
groupId: com.xuejava 
artifactId: com.xuejavaweb 
version: 1.0 
package: com.xuejava 
Y: : y 
[INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: 
maven-archetype-webapp:RELEASE 
[INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.xuejava 
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.xuejava 
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.xuejava 
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: com.xuejavaweb 
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: D:\workspace\maven-test 
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0 
[INFO] ********************* End of debug info from resources from generated POM *********************** 
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: D:\workspace\maven-test\com.xuejavaweb 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
[INFO] Total time: 1:13.922s 
[INFO] Finished at: Sun May 22 13:51:03 CST 2011 
[INFO] Final Memory: 6M/16M 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
D:\workspace\maven-test> 
创建结束，会生成如下的文件和目录结构： 



3、pom.xml 

在Maven中，pom.xml文件是项目配置的核心，它包含构建项目所需的主要信息。在上面的示例中，自动生成了pom.xml文件，其中的标签“packaging”为“war”—注意这里不是“jar”。当使用Maven构建项目时，该项目将自动打成war包用来部署。 

pom.xml 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
  <groupId>com.xuejava</groupId> 
  <artifactId>com.xuejavaweb</artifactId> 
  <packaging>war</packaging> 
  <version>1.0</version> 
  <name>com.xuejavaweb Maven Webapp</name> 
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> 
  <dependencies> 
    <dependency> 
      <groupId>junit</groupId> 
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 
      <version>3.8.1</version> 
      <scope>test</scope> 
    </dependency> 
  </dependencies> 
  <build> 
      <finalName>com.xuejavaweb</finalName> 
  </build> 
</project> 
在Maven，完成所有这一切，只需要一个命令，就可以创建标准目录结构，马上开始开发工作  。