my original studying notes for readn(),writen(),and readline() function

#include  "unp.h"

ssize_t

readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n)

{

  size_t     nleft;                         

  ssize_t   nread;

  char        *ptr;

  ptr    =     vptr;                  //to save vptr into nleft, that nleft can be changed, and vptr is  stable

  nleft =     n;                      //to save n into nleft

  while  (nleft>0)   {

          if  (  (nread = read(fd, ptr, nleft) ) < 0 {           //save read() into nread

                 if  (errno  ==  EINTR)                                /* if <0, that means the procedure meets

                                                                                      interruption and set errno as EINTR */

                      nread = 0;

                 else

                      return(-1);

           }  else if  (nread == 0)                                    /* if =0, that means the file(fd) is read completely

                                                                                     or there is no byte to read from the beginning */

                 break;

           nleft  -= nread;                 //if nleft>0 , read the file(fd) and count nleft -= nread

           ptr    += nread;                 //for sure ptr move rightward for nread byte

  }

  return (n - nleft);                       /* at last the nleft should be 0, so we have already

                                                      read n-0=n bytes(while n is 0 or a positive integer),

                                                      or nleft is -1, we have read -1-(-1)=0 byte */

}

#include  "unp.h"

ssize_t

writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n)

{

  size_t     nleft;

  ssize_t   nwritten;

  const char    *ptr;               //cuz we use writen(), we don't call it again, so it's const char

  ptr    =   vptr;

  nleft =   n;

  while (nleft > 0) {

     if  ( (nwritten = write (fd, ptr, nleft) ) <= 0 {

         if (nwritten < 0 && errno == EINTR)

             nwritten = 0;          //and call write() again

         else

            return (-1);

         }

        nleft   -= nwritten;                        //nleft = nwritten- nleft

        ptr     += nwritten;                        //ptr move rightward for nwritten bytes

  }

  return (n);                                       //we have written n bytes

}

     

   

#include    "unp.h"

ssize_t

readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen)

{

  ssize_t           n, rc;

  char                c, *ptr;

  ptr    =   vptr;

  for  (n = 1; n < maxlen; n++) {

  again:

       if ( (rc = read(fd, &c, 1) ) == 1) {        //if we read 1 line as the parameter sets

          *ptr++ = c;                                         /* ptr move rightward for c bytes,

                                                                     and c is the string we have read in this line */

          if (c == '\n')                                        // if this line is \n

              break;                                            // we break this if

      } else if (rc == 0) {                                /* if we read 0 line form this operate

                                                                         that means all done or the file has 0 line or just fail*/

          *ptr = 0;                                             // set *ptr to NULL

          return (n-1);                                      // not we have read n-1 line

      } else {

             if  (errno == EINTR)                     //errno case, return -1

             return (-1);

      }  goto again;                                       //goto again until n = maxlen

  }

  *ptr = 0                                                      //set *ptr to NULL, just like fgets()

  return(n);                                                  //we have read n lines

}