grails学习笔记-4、通过例子了解grails开发的基本流程

第一步、新建项目：

注意选对grails的版本即可。如果你只装了一个版本的grails，那用默认的即可。

这里我们实现一个对图书的增，删，改。

2、配置数据库连接。

      打开conf/DataSource.groovy，改成这样：

dataSource {
    pooled = true
    driverClassName = "org.h2.Driver"
    username = "sa"
    password = ""
}
hibernate {
    cache.use_second_level_cache = true
    cache.use_query_cache = false
    cache.region.factory_class = 'net.sf.ehcache.hibernate.EhCacheRegionFactory'
}
// environment specific settings
environments {
    development {
          dataSource {
			dbCreate = "update" // one of 'create', 'create-drop', 'update', 'validate', ''
			driverClassName = "org.postgresql.Driver"
			//url = "jdbc:postgresql://192.168.1.203:5432/labdb"
			url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/Test"
			dialect = "org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect"
			username="root"
			password="123456"
			logSql = true
        }
    }
    test {
        dataSource {
            dbCreate = "update"
            url = "jdbc:h2:mem:testDb;MVCC=TRUE;LOCK_TIMEOUT=10000"
        }
    }
    production {
        dataSource {
            dbCreate = "update"
            url = "jdbc:h2:prodDb;MVCC=TRUE;LOCK_TIMEOUT=10000"
            pooled = true
            properties {
               maxActive = -1
               minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=1800000
               timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=1800000
               numTestsPerEvictionRun=3
               testOnBorrow=true
               testWhileIdle=true
               testOnReturn=true
               validationQuery="SELECT 1"
            }
        }
    }
}

当然，不修改也可以。grails会使用自己带的数据库h2(纯java的内存数据库)。我这里用的是postgresql。所以改了。可以看到这里有3个环境变量development、test、production。在启动项目时，可以通过-Dgrails.env=xx来进行选择。程序启动命令如下：

grails [env]* run-app

例子 grails -Dgrails.env=development run-app。

注意：grails run-app默认使用环境变量development。

命令行输入在这：

3、引入数据库驱动包：postgresql-9.1-902.jdbc4.jar

      复制jar包到lib目录下，add to build path，右键-〉grails tools-〉Refresh Dependencies（也可以用命令refresh-dependencies来实现）。

4、新建Domain类。

两种方式：（1）通过命令：create-domain-class Book（2）右键-〉New-〉Domain Class

Book代码如下：

package xmt.test

class Book {
    String title
    String content
}

5、创建controller和views：两种方式（1）选中Book类，右键-〉new-〉Generate Controller and Views （2）命令grails generate-all xmt.test.Book

grails会自动创建Controller（会自动生成增、删、改、查的相关方法）和View（会自动生成增、删、改、查的相关页面）

BookController:

package xmt.test

import org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException

class BookController {

    static allowedMethods = [save: "POST", update: "POST", delete: "POST"]

    def index() {
        redirect(action: "list", params: params)
    }

    def list(Integer max) {
        params.max = Math.min(max ?: 10, 100)
        [bookInstanceList: Book.list(params), bookInstanceTotal: Book.count()]
    }

    def create() {
        [bookInstance: new Book(params)]
    }

    def save() {
        def bookInstance = new Book(params)
        if (!bookInstance.save(flush: true)) {
            render(view: "create", model: [bookInstance: bookInstance])
            return
        }

        flash.message = message(code: 'default.created.message', args: [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book'), bookInstance.id])
        redirect(action: "show", id: bookInstance.id)
    }

    def show(Long id) {
        def bookInstance = Book.get(id)
        if (!bookInstance) {
            flash.message = message(code: 'default.not.found.message', args: [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book'), id])
            redirect(action: "list")
            return
        }

        [bookInstance: bookInstance]
    }

    def edit(Long id) {
        def bookInstance = Book.get(id)
        if (!bookInstance) {
            flash.message = message(code: 'default.not.found.message', args: [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book'), id])
            redirect(action: "list")
            return
        }

        [bookInstance: bookInstance]
    }

    def update(Long id, Long version) {
        def bookInstance = Book.get(id)
        if (!bookInstance) {
            flash.message = message(code: 'default.not.found.message', args: [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book'), id])
            redirect(action: "list")
            return
        }

        if (version != null) {
            if (bookInstance.version > version) {
                bookInstance.errors.rejectValue("version", "default.optimistic.locking.failure",
                          [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book')] as Object[],
                          "Another user has updated this Book while you were editing")
                render(view: "edit", model: [bookInstance: bookInstance])
                return
            }
        }

        bookInstance.properties = params

        if (!bookInstance.save(flush: true)) {
            render(view: "edit", model: [bookInstance: bookInstance])
            return
        }

        flash.message = message(code: 'default.updated.message', args: [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book'), bookInstance.id])
        redirect(action: "show", id: bookInstance.id)
    }

    def delete(Long id) {
        def bookInstance = Book.get(id)
        if (!bookInstance) {
            flash.message = message(code: 'default.not.found.message', args: [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book'), id])
            redirect(action: "list")
            return
        }

        try {
            bookInstance.delete(flush: true)
            flash.message = message(code: 'default.deleted.message', args: [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book'), id])
            redirect(action: "list")
        }
        catch (DataIntegrityViolationException e) {
            flash.message = message(code: 'default.not.deleted.message', args: [message(code: 'book.label', default: 'Book'), id])
            redirect(action: "show", id: id)
        }
    }
}

Book views：

OK，到这里，一个图书的最基本的模块就开发完了。是不是很简单。

启动程序grails run-app。访问 http://localhost:8080/Test。点击xmt.test.BookController。Book的列表，增、删、改都有了。你可以根据自己的需要进行修改。

以上是最简单的一个例子，意在说明grails项目开发的基本流程。做j2ee的都应该有感受，项目中这种数据的增删改查操作占了很大的比例。有一些简单的项目甚至90%的功能都是这个。有了grails，你就能从这种重复，繁琐的劳动中解脱出来了。

以后我主要会记录我开发中遇到的各种问题和难点，让我费了不少时间的东西，遇到同样问题的朋友就不用再费劲了。而不会介绍如何使用grails，这些你都可以在官方文档上看到，grails的官方文档很不错，你不需要都看，用到什么看什么。官方文档在这：http://grails.org/doc/latest/guide/index.html