Fedora31升级Fedora32命令行模式操作过程

ENV:

[root@Fedora31 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
Fedora release 31 (Thirty One)
[root@Fedora31 ~]# uname -r
5.6.13-200.fc31.x86_64

我对linux的版本更新思考，其实linux的更新主要为两个方面，一个是kernel内核的更新，这里也同时包含了大量的应用软件；另一个则是桌面操作软件的更新。而Fedora的版本更新，主要步骤也是分为两步。

注：所有命令都要root权限，更新时最好从普通用户转为root用户为好，或使用sudo　切换权限。

一、更新软件，确保所使用的是最新的版本。因为我一起保持着最新的版本，这里不会有新内容更新。

[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf upgrade --refresh 
Fedora 31 openh264 (From Cisco) - x86_64         17  B/s | 543  B     00:31    
Fedora Modular 31 - x86_64                      993  B/s | 6.2 kB     00:06    
Fedora Modular 31 - x86_64 - Updates            3.0 kB/s | 5.9 kB     00:01    
Fedora 31 - x86_64 - Updates                     41  B/s | 6.5 kB     02:41    
Fedora 31 - x86_64                              106  B/s | 6.3 kB     01:00    
MySQL 8.0 Community Server                      5.1 kB/s | 2.5 kB     00:00    
MySQL Connectors Community                       13 kB/s | 2.5 kB     00:00    
MySQL Tools Community                            12 kB/s | 2.5 kB     00:00    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 31 - Free - Updates       322  B/s | 3.1 kB     00:09    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 31 - Free                 1.7 kB/s | 2.6 kB     00:01    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 31 - Nonfree - Updates    961  B/s |  14 kB     00:15    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 31 - Nonfree              6.2 kB/s |  15 kB     00:02    
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

二、安装ＤＮＦ命令插件（暂时这么称呼，只是一个dnf命令,如果以前使用命令更新过系统，这一步一般也是可以省略的）

[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade
Last metadata expiration check: 0:13:01 ago on Sun 31 May 2020 02:31:35 PM CST.
Package python3-dnf-plugin-system-upgrade-4.0.10-1.fc31.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

因为以前更新过，在更新kernel内核和软件时，也一同更新了，所以不用再单独安装这个命令了。

三、下载更新版本，这一步是最费时的，输入下面的命令后就耐心等待命令完成吧！

[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf system-upgrade download --refresh --releasever=32 -y

命令解析：dnf主命令，system-upgrade指定功能，download操作动作或方法，refresh更新方式，releasever=32指定系统版本。

更新Ｆedora系统的版本主要在最后这个参数，其他的更新都是一样的，主要不一样的就是最后这个releasever这里了，了解这几个命令，以后升级也就简单了。

[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf system-upgrade download --refresh --releasever=32 -y
Fedora 32 openh264 (From Cisco) - x86_64         17  B/s | 543  B     00:32    
Fedora 32 openh264 (From Cisco) - x86_64        460  B/s | 5.1 kB     00:11    
Fedora Modular 32 - x86_64                      1.1 kB/s | 6.0 kB     00:05    
Fedora Modular 32 - x86_64                      287 kB/s | 2.5 MB     00:09    
Fedora Modular 32 - x86_64 - Updates            531  B/s | 5.9 kB     00:11    
Fedora Modular 32 - x86_64 - Updates            654 kB/s | 1.7 MB     00:02    
Fedora 32 - x86_64 - Updates                    962  B/s | 6.5 kB     00:06    
Fedora 32 - x86_64 - Updates                    562 kB/s |  15 MB     00:27    
Fedora 32 - x86_64                              342  B/s | 6.1 kB     00:18    
Fedora 32 - x86_64                              543 kB/s |  71 MB     02:13    
MySQL 8.0 Community Server                      159 kB/s | 192 kB     00:01    
MySQL Connectors Community                       32 kB/s |  11 kB     00:00    
MySQL Tools Community                            73 kB/s |  34 kB     00:00    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Free - Updates       1.8 kB/s | 3.1 kB     00:01    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Free - Updates        96 kB/s | 473 kB     00:04    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Free                 2.1 kB/s | 2.6 kB     00:01    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Free                 183 kB/s | 679 kB     00:03    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Nonfree - Updates    4.5 kB/s |  14 kB     00:03    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Nonfree - Updates     17 kB/s |  45 kB     00:02    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Nonfree              9.7 kB/s |  15 kB     00:01    
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Nonfree               33 kB/s | 225 kB     00:06    
Modular dependency problem:

 Problem: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides module(platform:f31) needed by module gimp:2.10:3120191106095052:f636be4b-0.x86_64
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                         Arch   Version                  Repo      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel                          x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32          updates   22 k
 kernel-core                     x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32          updates   32 M
 kernel-devel                    x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32          updates   13 M
 kernel-modules                  x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32          updates   29 M
 kernel-modules-extra            x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32          updates  2.0 M
Upgrading:
 ImageMagick                     x86_64 1:6.9.10.86-2.fc32       fedora   160 k
 ImageMagick-libs                x86_64 1:6.9.10.86-2.fc32       fedora   2.3 M
 LibRaw                          x86_64 0.19.5-1.fc32            fedora   320 k
 ModemManager                    x86_64 1.12.8-1.fc32            fedora   944 k
 ModemManager-glib               x86_64 1.12.8-1.fc32            fedora   278 k
 NetworkManager                  x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32         updates  2.0 M
 NetworkManager-adsl             x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32         updates   26 k
 NetworkManager-bluetooth        x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32         updates   54 k
 NetworkManager-config-connectivity-fedora
                                 noarch 1:1.22.12-1.fc32         updates   12 k
 NetworkManager-libnm            x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32         updates  1.6 M
 NetworkManager-openconnect      x86_64 1.2.6-3.fc32             fedora   467 k
 NetworkManager-openconnect-gnome
                                 x86_64 1.2.6-3.fc32             fedora    43 k
 NetworkManager-openvpn          x86_64 1:1.8.12-1.fc32          fedora   271 k
 NetworkManager-openvpn-gnome    x86_64 1:1.8.12-1.fc32          fedora    57 k
 NetworkManager-ppp              x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32         updates   36 k
 NetworkManager-pptp             x86_64 1:1.2.8-1.fc32.3         fedora   153 k
 NetworkManager-pptp-gnome       x86_64 1:1.2.8-1.fc32.3         fedora    38 k
 NetworkManager-ssh              x86_64 1.2.11-1.fc32            fedora    69 k
 NetworkManager-ssh-gnome        x86_64 1.2.11-1.fc32            fedora    31 k
 NetworkManager-team             x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32         updates   30 k
 NetworkManager-vpnc             x86_64 1:1.2.6-4.fc32           fedora   160 k
。。。。。以下内容太多，省略，这里可以看到所有的文件信息都是fc32的版本，只要等到命令结束就可以了

Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Complete!
Download complete! Use 'dnf system-upgrade reboot' to start the upgrade.
To remove cached metadata and transaction use 'dnf system-upgrade clean'
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.

最后验证下载的内容是否完成，并提示重启完成升级
Download complete! Use 'dnf system-upgrade reboot' to start the upgrade.
这一句连需要使用的命令都给出来了

四、重新并升级

[root@Fedora31 ~]#　dnf system-upgrade reboot

由于需要重启电脑，下面的过程不能记录，不过整体过程也算是完成了，重启就会进入安装过程，至此整个升级就完成了。