ENV:
[root@Fedora31 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Fedora release 31 (Thirty One)
[root@Fedora31 ~]# uname -r
5.6.13-200.fc31.x86_64
我对linux的版本更新思考,其实linux的更新主要为两个方面,一个是kernel内核的更新,这里也同时包含了大量的应用软件;另一个则是桌面操作软件的更新。而Fedora的版本更新,主要步骤也是分为两步。
注:所有命令都要root权限,更新时最好从普通用户转为root用户为好,或使用sudo 切换权限。
一、更新软件,确保所使用的是最新的版本。因为我一起保持着最新的版本,这里不会有新内容更新。
[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf upgrade --refresh
Fedora 31 openh264 (From Cisco) - x86_64 17 B/s | 543 B 00:31
Fedora Modular 31 - x86_64 993 B/s | 6.2 kB 00:06
Fedora Modular 31 - x86_64 - Updates 3.0 kB/s | 5.9 kB 00:01
Fedora 31 - x86_64 - Updates 41 B/s | 6.5 kB 02:41
Fedora 31 - x86_64 106 B/s | 6.3 kB 01:00
MySQL 8.0 Community Server 5.1 kB/s | 2.5 kB 00:00
MySQL Connectors Community 13 kB/s | 2.5 kB 00:00
MySQL Tools Community 12 kB/s | 2.5 kB 00:00
RPM Fusion for Fedora 31 - Free - Updates 322 B/s | 3.1 kB 00:09
RPM Fusion for Fedora 31 - Free 1.7 kB/s | 2.6 kB 00:01
RPM Fusion for Fedora 31 - Nonfree - Updates 961 B/s | 14 kB 00:15
RPM Fusion for Fedora 31 - Nonfree 6.2 kB/s | 15 kB 00:02
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
二、安装DNF命令插件(暂时这么称呼,只是一个dnf命令,如果以前使用命令更新过系统,这一步一般也是可以省略的)
[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade
Last metadata expiration check: 0:13:01 ago on Sun 31 May 2020 02:31:35 PM CST.
Package python3-dnf-plugin-system-upgrade-4.0.10-1.fc31.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
因为以前更新过,在更新kernel内核和软件时,也一同更新了,所以不用再单独安装这个命令了。
三、下载更新版本,这一步是最费时的,输入下面的命令后就耐心等待命令完成吧!
[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf system-upgrade download --refresh --releasever=32 -y
命令解析:dnf主命令,system-upgrade指定功能,download操作动作或方法,refresh更新方式,releasever=32指定系统版本。
更新Fedora系统的版本主要在最后这个参数,其他的更新都是一样的,主要不一样的就是最后这个releasever这里了,了解这几个命令,以后升级也就简单了。
[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf system-upgrade download --refresh --releasever=32 -y
Fedora 32 openh264 (From Cisco) - x86_64 17 B/s | 543 B 00:32
Fedora 32 openh264 (From Cisco) - x86_64 460 B/s | 5.1 kB 00:11
Fedora Modular 32 - x86_64 1.1 kB/s | 6.0 kB 00:05
Fedora Modular 32 - x86_64 287 kB/s | 2.5 MB 00:09
Fedora Modular 32 - x86_64 - Updates 531 B/s | 5.9 kB 00:11
Fedora Modular 32 - x86_64 - Updates 654 kB/s | 1.7 MB 00:02
Fedora 32 - x86_64 - Updates 962 B/s | 6.5 kB 00:06
Fedora 32 - x86_64 - Updates 562 kB/s | 15 MB 00:27
Fedora 32 - x86_64 342 B/s | 6.1 kB 00:18
Fedora 32 - x86_64 543 kB/s | 71 MB 02:13
MySQL 8.0 Community Server 159 kB/s | 192 kB 00:01
MySQL Connectors Community 32 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
MySQL Tools Community 73 kB/s | 34 kB 00:00
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Free - Updates 1.8 kB/s | 3.1 kB 00:01
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Free - Updates 96 kB/s | 473 kB 00:04
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Free 2.1 kB/s | 2.6 kB 00:01
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Free 183 kB/s | 679 kB 00:03
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Nonfree - Updates 4.5 kB/s | 14 kB 00:03
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Nonfree - Updates 17 kB/s | 45 kB 00:02
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Nonfree 9.7 kB/s | 15 kB 00:01
RPM Fusion for Fedora 32 - Nonfree 33 kB/s | 225 kB 00:06
Modular dependency problem:
Problem: conflicting requests
- nothing provides module(platform:f31) needed by module gimp:2.10:3120191106095052:f636be4b-0.x86_64
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repo Size
================================================================================
Installing:
kernel x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32 updates 22 k
kernel-core x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32 updates 32 M
kernel-devel x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32 updates 13 M
kernel-modules x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32 updates 29 M
kernel-modules-extra x86_64 5.6.14-300.fc32 updates 2.0 M
Upgrading:
ImageMagick x86_64 1:6.9.10.86-2.fc32 fedora 160 k
ImageMagick-libs x86_64 1:6.9.10.86-2.fc32 fedora 2.3 M
LibRaw x86_64 0.19.5-1.fc32 fedora 320 k
ModemManager x86_64 1.12.8-1.fc32 fedora 944 k
ModemManager-glib x86_64 1.12.8-1.fc32 fedora 278 k
NetworkManager x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32 updates 2.0 M
NetworkManager-adsl x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32 updates 26 k
NetworkManager-bluetooth x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32 updates 54 k
NetworkManager-config-connectivity-fedora
noarch 1:1.22.12-1.fc32 updates 12 k
NetworkManager-libnm x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32 updates 1.6 M
NetworkManager-openconnect x86_64 1.2.6-3.fc32 fedora 467 k
NetworkManager-openconnect-gnome
x86_64 1.2.6-3.fc32 fedora 43 k
NetworkManager-openvpn x86_64 1:1.8.12-1.fc32 fedora 271 k
NetworkManager-openvpn-gnome x86_64 1:1.8.12-1.fc32 fedora 57 k
NetworkManager-ppp x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32 updates 36 k
NetworkManager-pptp x86_64 1:1.2.8-1.fc32.3 fedora 153 k
NetworkManager-pptp-gnome x86_64 1:1.2.8-1.fc32.3 fedora 38 k
NetworkManager-ssh x86_64 1.2.11-1.fc32 fedora 69 k
NetworkManager-ssh-gnome x86_64 1.2.11-1.fc32 fedora 31 k
NetworkManager-team x86_64 1:1.22.12-1.fc32 updates 30 k
NetworkManager-vpnc x86_64 1:1.2.6-4.fc32 fedora 160 k
。。。。。以下内容太多,省略,这里可以看到所有的文件信息都是fc32的版本,只要等到命令结束就可以了
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Complete!
Download complete! Use 'dnf system-upgrade reboot' to start the upgrade.
To remove cached metadata and transaction use 'dnf system-upgrade clean'
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.
最后验证下载的内容是否完成,并提示重启完成升级
Download complete! Use 'dnf system-upgrade reboot' to start the upgrade.
这一句连需要使用的命令都给出来了
四、重新并升级
[root@Fedora31 ~]# dnf system-upgrade reboot
由于需要重启电脑,下面的过程不能记录,不过整体过程也算是完成了,重启就会进入安装过程,至此整个升级就完成了。