Head First设计模式——观察者模式(天气布告板(WeatherData)例子) C++实现

个人笔记(不一定正确)

C++实现：

#ifndef _WEATHER_H_
#define _WEATHER_H_

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

//观察者接口类
class Observer
{
private:
    /* data */
public:
    Observer(/* args */){}
    ~Observer(){}

    virtual void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) = 0;
};

//主题类， 使用虚函数实现接口功能
class Subject
{
private:
    /* data */
public:
    Subject(/* args */){}
    ~Subject(){}

    //注册观察者
    virtual void registerObserver(Observer* o){}
    //移除观察者
    virtual void removeObserver(Observer* o){}
    //变更通知
    virtual void notifyObserver(){}
};

//WeatherData类: 具体的主题类，除了天气主题，也可以自定义其他的主题
class WeatherData:public Subject
{
private:
    /* data */
    vector<Observer*> observerList; //观察者列表
    float temperature;
    float humidity;
    float pressure;
public:
    WeatherData(/* args */){
        //这里observerList vector的性质，就不用先初始化了
    }
    ~WeatherData(){}

    //已有方法
    float getTemperature(){
        return this->temperature;
    }
    float getHumidity(){
        return this->humidity;
    }
    float getPressure(){
        return this->pressure;
    }
    void measurementsChanged(){
        // when the value change，this function would be called，we're supported to implement our deal here
        notifyObserver();
    }

    //注册观察者
    void registerObserver(Observer* o){
        observerList.push_back(o);
    }

    //移除观察者
    void removeObserver(Observer* o){
        vector<Observer*>::iterator it;
        for(it=observerList.begin();it!=observerList.end();){
            if(*it == o){
                it = observerList.erase(it); //迭代器erase之后，会导致it++失效，所以这里要做返回值处理
            }else{
                it ++;
            }
        }
    }

    //通知观察者
    void notifyObserver(){
        vector<Observer*>::iterator it;
        for(it=observerList.begin();it!=observerList.end();it++){
            Observer* o;
            o = *it;
            o->update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
        }
    }

    //为了方便测试，我们增加一个set方法
    void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure){
        this->temperature = temperature;
        this->humidity = humidity;
        this->pressure = pressure;
        measurementsChanged();
    }

    // 其他WeatherData方法...
};

/**/
//公告板接口类
class DisplayElement
{
private:
    
public:
    DisplayElement(){}
    ~DisplayElement(){}

    virtual void display() = 0;
};

#endif

#include "weather.hpp"

//具体公告板类:CurrentConditionDisplay
class CurrentConditionDisplay:public Observer, public DisplayElement
{
private:
    /* data */
    float temperature;
    float humidity;

    Subject* weatherData;
public:
    CurrentConditionDisplay(Subject* weatherData){
        this->weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData->registerObserver(this);
    }
    ~CurrentConditionDisplay(){}

    //update() 实现
    void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure){
        cout<<"检查变更："<<endl;
        this->temperature = temperature;
        this->humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    //display() 实现
    void display(){
        cout<< "CurrentConditionDisplay："<<endl;
        cout << "温度: "<<this->temperature<<endl;
        cout << "湿度: "<<this->humidity<<endl;
    }
    
};


//预测公告板类
class ForecastDisplay:public Observer,public DisplayElement
{
private:
    float pre_temperature;
    float pre_humidity;
    float pre_pressure;
    
    Subject* weatherData; //订阅的主题
public:
    ForecastDisplay(Subject* weatherData){
        this->weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData->registerObserver(this);
    }
    ~ForecastDisplay(){}

    //update() 实现
    void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure){
        cout<<"检查变更："<<endl;
        this->pre_temperature = temperature + 1;
        this->pre_humidity = humidity +1 ;
        this->pre_pressure = pressure -1;
        display();
    }

    //display() 实现
    void display(){
        cout<< "CurrentConditionDisplay："<<endl;
        cout << "预测温度: "<<this->pre_temperature<<endl;
        cout << "预测湿度: "<<this->pre_humidity<<endl;
        cout << "预测气压: "<<this->pre_pressure<<endl;
    }
};

/* 随时拓展其他的公告板类*/


int main(){
    //实例化主题
    Subject* wd = new WeatherData();  //也可以直接 WeatherData* wd = new WeatherData();

    //注册观察者
    // Observer* cw = new CurrentConditionDisplay(wd);
    // Observer* pw = new ForecastDisplay(wd);
    CurrentConditionDisplay cw(wd);
    ForecastDisplay fw(wd);

    //weather中心更改值
    WeatherData* wd_v2 = (WeatherData*)wd;
    wd_v2->setMeasurements(13,20,30);
    cout <<endl;
    wd_v2->setMeasurements(23,10,10);

    //移除观察者测试
    wd_v2->removeObserver(&fw);
    cout <<endl;
    wd_v2->setMeasurements(24,12,10);
    
	//释放对象
    if(wd!=NULL){
        delete wd;
    }
    if(wd_v2!=NULL){
        delete wd_v2;
    }

    return 0;
}

*/

output：
检查变更：
CurrentConditionDisplay：
温度: 13
湿度: 20
检查变更：
CurrentConditionDisplay：
预测温度: 14
预测湿度: 21
预测气压: 29

检查变更：
CurrentConditionDisplay：
温度: 23
湿度: 10
检查变更：
CurrentConditionDisplay：
预测温度: 24
预测湿度: 11
预测气压: 9

检查变更：
CurrentConditionDisplay：
温度: 24
湿度: 12

总结：
以上的方法，只实现了观察者模式中的推送模式，观察者们都是被动接受消息的，接下来看看观察者主动拉取信息的模式该怎么实现。