一、Gram矩阵、半正定矩阵 参考:https://wenku.baidu.com/view/fef6f7fdba0d4a7302763a26.html https://blog.csdn.net/wangyang20170901/article/details/79037867 二、希尔伯特空间:https://www.cnblogs.com/swrong/p/7954300.html 三、向量空间:https://www.cnblogs.com/damumu/p/7321655.html