TCP/IP基于数据报，而不是面向连接，优点何在？

TCP/IP基于数据报，而不是面向连接，优点何在？

具体请见[1988 Clark]

First, they eliminate the need for connection state within the intermediate switching nodes, which means that the Internet can be reconstituted after a failure without concern about state.
Secondly, the datagram provides a basic building block out of which a variety of types of service can be implemented. In contrast to the virtual circuit, which usually implies a fixed type of service, the datagram provides a more elemental service which the endpoints can combine as appropriate to build the type of service needed.
Third, the datagram represents the minimum network service assumption, which has permitted a wide variety of networks to be incorporated into various Internet realizations. The decision to use the datagram was an extremely successful one, which allowed the Internet to meet its most important goals very successfully.

简单而言，
1.它们是无连接的。不需要知道中间交换节点的连接状态。这就意味着，当中间有节点挂掉的时候，互联网都不需要究竟哪里挂了，哪个连接断了，就可以重新构建连接。
2.数据报提供了一个基础构件，可用之来实现不同的服务（例如TCP, UDP）。而面向连接则不行。
3.数据报代表最小网络服务的假设，也就是最底层的服务。其他网络可以实现在其之上，这就意味着各种各样的网络可以通过数据报互联互通（例如以太网、蜂窝网络、无线网络，都可以通过IP层连成一张大的互联网）。