Django扩展内置用户模型

设置Proxy模型

说明：不需要对django内置User模型字段，验证方式进行修改，但是需要新增一些额外方法的情况下可以使用(使用proxy时，不能在UserProfile模型中添加任何字段)，当使用proxy时User.objects.all()和UserProfile.objects.all()是一样的(查询结果)

class UserProfile(User):

    class Meta:
        proxy = True
    
    @classmethod
    def get_active_user(cls):
        return cls.objects.filter(is_active=True)

一对一外键

通过再创建一张表的方式添加一些和用户相关的字段

# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class UserExtension(models.Model):

    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='extenstion')
    birthday = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    work = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)

# signals.py
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

from .models import UserExtension


@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_ext(sender, instance, created, *args, **kwargs):
    if created:
        UserExtension.objects.create(user=instance)
    else:
        instance.extension.save()

继承AbstractUser

如果继承自AbstractUser并且仍然使用ModelBackend进行用户认证时，需要添加USERNAME_FIELD字段，该字段表示使用user模型中哪一个字段替代用户名进行认证，认证时: authenticate(mobile=mobile, password=password)即可使用mobile进行认证

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'mobile'
    
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11)

继承AbstractBaseUser

对于AbstractUser中的一些内置字段如first_name等，不需要的话，可以继承AbstractBaseUser，同时也必须自定义UserManager并且注册到User模型中(可以仿照Django的UserManager实现或者继承BaseUserManager实现，在或者纯自己实现)

注: 继承AbstractBaseUser时还会涉及到django默认命令行python manage.py createsuperuser，因此继承时也需要实现其相关方法，并且如果要使用admin则自定义模型中一定要添加is_superuser和is_staff两个字段

如下实现了一个简单的自定义UserManager和UserModel(可以使用createsuperuser命令行)

class UserManager(models.Manager):
    
    def _create_user(self, mobile, email, password, **extra_fields):
        if not mobile:
            raise ValueError('mobile is must be set!')
        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(mobile=mobile, email=email, **extra_fields)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user
    
    def create_user(self, mobile, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
        return self._create_user(mobile, email, password, **extra_fields)
    
    def create_superuser(self, mobile, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
        if extra_fields['is_superuser'] is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser Must Have "is_superuser=True"')
        if extra_fields['is_staff'] is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser Must Have "is_staff=True"')
        return self._create_user(mobile, email, password, **extra_fields)
    
    def get_by_natural_key(self, mobile):
        return self.get(**{self.model.USERNAME_FIELD: mobile})
    
    @classmethod
    def normalize_email(cls, email):
        """
        Normalize the email address by lowercasing the domain part of it.
        """
        email = email or ''
        try:
            email_name, domain_part = email.strip().rsplit('@', 1)
        except ValueError:
            pass
        else:
            email = email_name + '@' + domain_part.lower()
        return email
    
    # TODO： make_random_password


class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    # username验证器
    username_validator = UnicodeUsernameValidator
    
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=100, validators=[username_validator, ], blank=True)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=255, unique=True, blank=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    
    
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    
    objects = UserManager()
    
    # other config
    EMAIL_FIELD = 'email'
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'mobile'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ('email', )
    
    def clean(self):
        super().clean()
        self.email = self.__class__.objects.normalize_email(self.email)
    
    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.username
    
    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.username
    
    # TODO: email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs)