设置Proxy模型
说明:不需要对django内置User模型字段,验证方式进行修改,但是需要新增一些额外方法的情况下可以使用(使用proxy时,不能在UserProfile模型中添加任何字段),当使用proxy时User.objects.all()
和UserProfile.objects.all()
是一样的(查询结果)
class UserProfile(User):
class Meta:
proxy = True
@classmethod
def get_active_user(cls):
return cls.objects.filter(is_active=True)
一对一外键
通过再创建一张表的方式添加一些和用户相关的字段
# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class UserExtension(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='extenstion')
birthday = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
work = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
# signals.py
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from .models import UserExtension
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_ext(sender, instance, created, *args, **kwargs):
if created:
UserExtension.objects.create(user=instance)
else:
instance.extension.save()
继承AbstractUser
如果继承自AbstractUser
并且仍然使用ModelBackend
进行用户认证时,需要添加USERNAME_FIELD
字段,该字段表示使用user模型中哪一个字段替代用户名进行认证,认证时: authenticate(mobile=mobile, password=password)
即可使用mobile进行认证
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
USERNAME_FIELD = 'mobile'
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11)
继承AbstractBaseUser
对于AbstractUser中的一些内置字段如first_name
等,不需要的话,可以继承AbstractBaseUser
,同时也必须自定义UserManager
并且注册到User模型中(可以仿照Django的UserManager实现或者继承BaseUserManager实现,在或者纯自己实现)
注: 继承AbstractBaseUser
时还会涉及到django默认命令行python manage.py createsuperuser
,因此继承时也需要实现其相关方法,并且如果要使用admin
则自定义模型中一定要添加is_superuser
和is_staff
两个字段
如下实现了一个简单的自定义UserManager和UserModel(可以使用createsuperuser命令行)
class UserManager(models.Manager):
def _create_user(self, mobile, email, password, **extra_fields):
if not mobile:
raise ValueError('mobile is must be set!')
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(mobile=mobile, email=email, **extra_fields)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_user(self, mobile, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
return self._create_user(mobile, email, password, **extra_fields)
def create_superuser(self, mobile, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
if extra_fields['is_superuser'] is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser Must Have "is_superuser=True"')
if extra_fields['is_staff'] is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser Must Have "is_staff=True"')
return self._create_user(mobile, email, password, **extra_fields)
def get_by_natural_key(self, mobile):
return self.get(**{self.model.USERNAME_FIELD: mobile})
@classmethod
def normalize_email(cls, email):
"""
Normalize the email address by lowercasing the domain part of it.
"""
email = email or ''
try:
email_name, domain_part = email.strip().rsplit('@', 1)
except ValueError:
pass
else:
email = email_name + '@' + domain_part.lower()
return email
# TODO: make_random_password
class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
# username验证器
username_validator = UnicodeUsernameValidator
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
username = models.CharField(max_length=100, validators=[username_validator, ], blank=True)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=255, unique=True, blank=True)
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
objects = UserManager()
# other config
EMAIL_FIELD = 'email'
USERNAME_FIELD = 'mobile'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ('email', )
def clean(self):
super().clean()
self.email = self.__class__.objects.normalize_email(self.email)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.username
def get_short_name(self):
return self.username
# TODO: email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs)