如何编写杂项设备驱动

1.函数说明

1.1、注册杂项设备

int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc)

头文件：#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
功能：注册一个杂项设备
参数：misc- 杂项设备的核心结构指针，至少已经实现minor，name，fops三个成员。
返回值：0，表示注册成功；负数，注册失败。
说明：注册成功之后，会在/dev目录下生成一个设备节点文件。

2.2、注销函数

int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc)

头文件：#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
功能：注销一个已经存在杂项设备
参数：misc，杂项设备的核心结构指针，已经注册的struct miscdevice结构。
返回值：0，表示注销成功；负数，注销失败

杂项设备的核心数据结构struct miscdevice：（头文件中已经定义好）

struct miscdevice  {
	int minor;
	const char *name;
	const struct file_operations *fops;
	struct list_head list;
	struct device *parent;
	struct device *this_device;
	const char *nodename;
	umode_t mode;
};

结构体struct miscdevice结构中的函数结构液体struct file_operations（头文件中已经定义好）

struct file_operations {
	struct module *owner;
	loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
	ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
	ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
	int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
	unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
	long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
	int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
	int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
	int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
	int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
	unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
	int (*check_flags)(int);
	int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
	ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
	int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **);
	long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len);
};

代码例子：
驱动代码

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
//包含必须的头文件
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>

//以下是文件操作方法的具体实现代码
static int xxx_open (struct inode *pinode, struct file *pfile)
{
	printk("line:%d,%s is call\n",__LINE__,__FUNCTION__);
	return 0;
}

static ssize_t xxx_read (struct file *pfile,  char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *poff)
{
	printk("line:%d,%s is call\n",__LINE__,__FUNCTION__);
	return count;
}
static ssize_t xxx_write (struct file *pfile, const char __user *buf, size_t count,  loff_t *poff)
{
	printk("line:%d,%s is call\n",__LINE__,__FUNCTION__);
	return count;
}

static int xxx_release (struct inode *pinode, struct file *pfile)
{
	printk("line:%d,%s is call\n",__LINE__,__FUNCTION__);
	return 0;
}

//文件操作方法集合指针
//文件操作方法：根据具体设备实现需要的功能
static const struct file_operations char_dev_fops={
	.open            =   xxx_open,
	.write           =   xxx_write,
	.read            =   xxx_read,
	.release         =   xxx_release,
};

//定义核心数据结构
#define DEV_NAME "mymisc"

static struct miscdevice misc_dev={
	.minor = 255,
	.name = DEV_NAME,
	.fops = &char_dev_fops,
};

static int __init chrdev_test_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	//注册核心结构
	ret = misc_register(&misc_dev);
	
	if(ret < 0)
	{
		printk("misc_register erron!\n");
		return ret;
	}
    printk("misc_register OK!\n");
    return 0;
}

static void __exit chrdev_test_exit(void)
{
    int ret;
	//注销核心结构
	ret = misc_deregister(&misc_dev);
	
	if(ret < 0)
	{
		printk("misc_deregister erron!\n");
		return ;
	}
    printk("misc_deregister OK!\n");
}

module_init(chrdev_test_init);
module_exit(chrdev_test_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

应用代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define DEV_NAME "/dev/mymisc"

int main(void)
{
	int ret;
	char buf[] = {1, 0, 0, 0};//1，亮，0表示灭
    int fd;   
    //打开文件设备O_RDWR,  O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY,
    fd = open(DEV_NAME, O_RDWR);
    if(fd < 0)
	{
       printf("open :%s failt!\r\n", DEV_NAME); 
	   return -1;
	} 
	read(fd, buf, 4);   //从内核空间中读取数据
	write(fd, buf, 4);//写数据到内核空间
	close(fd);//关闭设备 ,可以不调用，程序关闭时系统自动调用
    return 0;
}

编译代码：

# Makefile 2.6
#交叉编译器前缀
cc    := arm-linux-

#应用程序名
AN    := app

#应用程序源文件列表
ANSRC := app.c

#模块列表
obj-m := mise_device_moudle.o

#内核源码路径
#KDIR :=/lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
KDIR  := /home/jian/aaa/linux/linux-3.5/

#模块最终存放
rootfs_dir := /home/jian/aaa/rootfs/home 

all:
	@make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules   
	@${cc}gcc ${ANSRC} -o ${AN}
	cp  ${AN} *.ko ${rootfs_dir}
	@rm -rf  .tmp_versions *.o *.mod.o *.mod.c  *.bak *.symvers *.markers *.unsigned *.order *~ .*.*.cmd .*.*.*.cmd
clean:
	@rm -f  ${AN} *.ko *.o *.mod.o *.mod.c  *.bak *.symvers *.markers *.unsigned *.order *~