struts

struts1原理：

            Action相当于servlet的一部分，他的execute方法会被struts的入口程序ActionServlet调用。servlet是Struts的入口，任何以*.do结尾的URI 都会被映射到Struts的servlet上，这个servlet会根据Struts-config.xml里面的配置，将请求分配到指定的Action上（这里Struts是通过反射调用Action的）。

来看如下配置文件：

目录：struts-1.3.5-all\struts-1.3.5\apps\struts-blank-1.3.5\WEB-INF

**********************以下代码是struts-config.xml****************************

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN"
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">

<!--
     This is a blank Struts configuration file with an example
     welcome action/page and other commented sample elements.

     Struts Validator is configured using the factory defaults
     and is ready-to-use.

     NOTE: If you have a generator tool to create the corresponding Java classes
     for you, you could include the details in the "form-bean" declarations.
     Otherwise, you would only define the "form-bean" element itself, with the
     corresponding "name" and "type" attributes, as shown here.
-->


<struts-config>


<!-- ================================================ Form Bean Definitions -->

    <form-beans>
    <!-- sample form bean descriptor for an ActionForm
        <form-bean
            name="inputForm"
            type="app.InputForm"/>
    end sample -->

    <!-- sample form bean descriptor for a DynaActionForm
        <form-bean
            name="logonForm"
            type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm">
            <form-property
                name="username"
                type="java.lang.String"/>
            <form-property
                name="password"
                type="java.lang.String"/>
       </form-bean>
    end sample -->
    </form-beans>


<!-- ========================================= Global Exception Definitions -->

    <global-exceptions>
        <!-- sample exception handler
        <exception
            key="expired.password"
            type="app.ExpiredPasswordException"
            path="/changePassword.jsp"/>
        end sample -->
    </global-exceptions>


<!-- =========================================== Global Forward Definitions -->

    <global-forwards>
        <!-- Default forward to "Welcome" action -->
        <!-- Demonstrates using index.jsp to forward -->
        <forward
            name="welcome"
            path="/Welcome.do"/>
    </global-forwards>


<!-- =========================================== Action Mapping Definitions -->

    <action-mappings>
            <!-- Default "Welcome" action -->
            <!-- Forwards to Welcome.jsp -->
        <action
            path="/Welcome"
            forward="/pages/Welcome.jsp"/>

    <!-- sample input and input submit actions

        <action
            path="/Input"
            type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"
            parameter="/pages/Input.jsp"/>

        <action
            path="/InputSubmit"
            type="app.InputAction"
            name="inputForm"
            scope="request"
            validate="true"
            input="/pages/Input.jsp"/>

            <action
                path="/edit*"
                type="app.Edit{1}Action"
                name="inputForm"
                scope="request"
                validate="true"
                input="/pages/Edit{1}.jsp"/>

    end samples -->
    </action-mappings>


<!-- ======================================== Message Resources Definitions -->

    <message-resources parameter="MessageResources" />


<!-- =============================================== Plug Ins Configuration -->

  <!-- ======================================================= Tiles plugin -->
  <!--
     This plugin initialize Tiles definition factory. This later can takes some
  parameters explained here after. The plugin first read parameters from
  web.xml, thenoverload them with parameters defined here. All parameters
  are optional.
     The plugin should be declared in each struts-config file.
       - definitions-config: (optional)
            Specify configuration file names. There can be several comma
      separated file names (default: ?? )
       - moduleAware: (optional - struts1.1)
            Specify if the Tiles definition factory is module aware. If true
            (default), there will be one factory for each Struts module.
   If false, there will be one common factory for all module. In this
            later case, it is still needed to declare one plugin per module.
            The factory will be initialized with parameters found in the first
            initialized plugin (generally the one associated with the default
            module).
     true : One factory per module. (default)
     false : one single shared factory for all modules
    - definitions-parser-validate: (optional)
         Specify if xml parser should validate the Tiles configuration file.
     true : validate. DTD should be specified in file header (default)
     false : no validation

   Paths found in Tiles definitions are relative to the main context.

      To use this plugin, download and add the Tiles jar to your WEB-INF/lib
      directory then uncomment the plugin definition below.

    <plug-in className="org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesPlugin" >

      <set-property property="definitions-config"
                       value="/WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml" />
      <set-property property="moduleAware" value="true" />
    </plug-in>
  --> 


  <!-- =================================================== Validator plugin -->

  <plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn">
    <set-property
        property="pathnames"
        value="/org/apache/struts/validator/validator-rules.xml,
               /WEB-INF/validation.xml"/>
  </plug-in>

</struts-config>

 

 *************************以下代码是validation.xml***********************

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<!DOCTYPE form-validation PUBLIC
     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Commons Validator Rules Configuration 1.3.0//EN"
     "http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dtds/validator_1_3_0.dtd">

<form-validation>

<!--
     This is a minimal Validator form file with a couple of examples.
-->

    <global>

        <!-- An example global constant
        <constant>
            <constant-name>postalCode</constant-name>
            <constant-value>^\d{5}\d*$</constant-value>
        </constant>
        end example-->

    </global>

    <formset>

        <!-- An example form -->
        <form name="logonForm">
            <field
                property="username"
                depends="required">
                    <arg key="logonForm.username"/>
            </field>
            <field
                property="password"
                depends="required,mask">
                    <arg key="logonForm.password"/>
                    <var>
                        <var-name>mask</var-name>
                        <var-value>^[0-9a-zA-Z]*$</var-value>
                    </var>
            </field>
        </form>

    </formset>

    <!-- An example formset for another locale -->
    <formset language="fr">

        <constant>
            <constant-name>postalCode</constant-name>
            <constant-value>^[0-9a-zA-Z]*$</constant-value>
        </constant>

        <!-- An example form -->
        <form name="logonForm">
            <field
                property="username"
                depends="required">
                    <arg key="logonForm.username"/>
            </field>
            <field
                property="password"
                depends="required,mask">
                    <arg key="logonForm.password"/>
                    <var>
                        <var-name>mask</var-name>
                        <var-value>^[0-9a-zA-Z]*$</var-value>
                    </var>
            </field>
        </form>

   </formset>

</form-validation>

 

*************************以下代码是web.xml*************************

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

  <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>
  <display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name>
 
  <!-- Standard Action Servlet Configuration -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>config</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>


  <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping -->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


  <!-- The Usual Welcome File List -->
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>