System V信号量

一、信号量具体函数使用：

信号量API接口解析

二、信号量函数使用示例：

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/*
struct semid_ds {
     struct ipc_perm sem_perm;  //所有者及权限
     time_t          sem_otime; //最后一次执行pv操作的时间
     time_t          sem_ctime; //信号量集状态最后一次改变的时间
     unsigned short  sem_nsems; //信号集中实际的信号量数量
};
*/



#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
        do \
        { \
                perror(m); \
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
        } while(0)

union semun
{
    int val;                  /* value for SETVAL-用于设置信号量集中信号量的计数值*/
    struct semid_ds *buf;     /* buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
    unsigned short *array;    /* array for GETALL, SETALL */
    /* Linux specific part: */
    struct seminfo *__buf;    /* buffer for IPC_INFO */
};

int sem_create(key_t key)
{
    int semid = semget(key, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL);//打开一个信号量集
    if (semid == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semget");

    return semid;
}

int sem_open(key_t key)
{
    int semid = semget(key, 0, 0);//创建一个信号量集
    if (semid == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semget");

    return semid;
}

int sem_p(int semid)//
{
    struct sembuf sb = {0, -1, /*IPC_NOWAIT*/SEM_UNDO};//对信号量集中第一个信号进行操作，对信号量的计数值减1，
    int ret = semop(semid, &sb, 1);//用来进行P操作
    if (ret == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semop");

    return ret;
}

int sem_v(int semid)
{
    struct sembuf sb = {0, 1, /*0*/SEM_UNDO};
    int ret = semop(semid, &sb, 1);
    if (ret == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semop");

    return ret;
}

int sem_d(int semid)
{
    int ret = semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID, 0);//删除一个信号量集
    if (ret == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semctl");
    return ret;
}

int sem_setval(int semid, int val)
{
    union semun su;
    su.val = val;
    int ret = semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, su);//给信号量计数值
    if (ret == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semctl");

    printf("value updated...\n");
    return ret;
}

int sem_getval(int semid)//获取信号量集中信号量的计数值
{
    int ret = semctl(semid, 0, GETVAL, 0);//返回值是信号量集中信号量的计数值
    if (ret == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semctl");

    printf("current val is %d\n", ret);
    return ret;
}

int sem_getmode(int semid)
{
    union semun su;
    struct semid_ds sem;
    su.buf = &sem;
    int ret = semctl(semid, 0, IPC_STAT, su);
    if (ret == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semctl");

    printf("current permissions is %o\n", su.buf->sem_perm.mode);
    return ret;
}

int sem_setmode(int semid, char *mode)
{
    union semun su;
    struct semid_ds sem;
    su.buf = &sem;

    int ret = semctl(semid, 0, IPC_STAT, su);
    if (ret == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semctl");

    printf("current permissions is %o\n", su.buf->sem_perm.mode);
    sscanf(mode, "%o", (unsigned int *)&su.buf->sem_perm.mode);
    ret = semctl(semid, 0, IPC_SET, su);
    if (ret == -1)
        ERR_EXIT("semctl");

    printf("permissions updated...\n");

    return ret;
}

void usage(void)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "usage:\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "semtool -c\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "semtool -d\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "semtool -p\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "semtool -v\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "semtool -s <val>\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "semtool -g\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "semtool -f\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "semtool -m <mode>\n");
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int opt;

    opt = getopt(argc, argv, "cdpvs:gfm:");//解析参数
    if (opt == '?')
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    if (opt == -1)
    {
        usage();
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    key_t key = ftok(".", 's');
    int semid;
    switch (opt)
    {
    case 'c'://创建信号量集
        sem_create(key);
        break;
    case 'p'://p操作
        semid = sem_open(key);
        sem_p(semid);
        sem_getval(semid);
        break;
    case 'v'://v操作
        semid = sem_open(key);
        sem_v(semid);
        sem_getval(semid);
        break;
    case 'd'://删除一个信号量集
        semid = sem_open(key);
        sem_d(semid);
        break;
    case 's'://对信号量集中信号量设置初始计数值
        semid = sem_open(key);
        sem_setval(semid, atoi(optarg));
        break;
    case 'g'://获取信号量集中信号量的计数值
        semid = sem_open(key);
        sem_getval(semid);
        break;
    case 'f'://查看信号量集中信号量的权限
        semid = sem_open(key);
        sem_getmode(semid);
        break;
    case 'm'://更改权限
        semid = sem_open(key);
        sem_setmode(semid, argv[2]);
        break;
    }

    return 0;
}

三、使用示例：