centos安装python3.7时遇到如下问题,查阅知需要的openssl版本最低为1.0.2,但是centos 默认的为1.0.1,所以需要重新更新openssl
import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ImportError: No module named _ssl
1、安装依赖库:
yum install -y zlib zlib-dev openssl-devel sqlite-devel bzip2-devel libffi libffi-devel gcc gcc-c++
2、安装最新版本的openssl
注意!openssl配置是用config,而不是configure,另外openssl编译安装依赖zlib动态库,所以一定要shared zlib
自行到官网查阅最新版本~
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1
./config --prefix=$HOME/openssl shared zlib
make && make install
$HOME/openssl/ 我的实际路径为 /usr/local/openssl/ ;
3、设置环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH
echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$HOME/openssl/lib" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile
设置 /etc/profile也可以;
$HOME/openssl/lib 我的实际路径为 /usr/local/openssl/lib;
这一步一定要有!!LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量主要用于指定查找共享库(动态链接库)时除了默认路径之外的其他路径。当执行函数动态链接.so时,如果此文件不在缺省目录下‘/lib’ and ‘/usr/lib’,那么就需要指定环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH
4、解压python3.7,并安装,一定要指定刚才安装的1.1.1版本的openssl!!!
tar -zxvf Python-3.7.0.tgz
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Py37 --with-openssl=$HOME/openssl
make && make install
echo $HOME
5、至此python3.7就安装完了,来检验下ssl模块能否被导入吧:
[root@izbp12am8wqrn7t6wzgmydz Python-3.7.0]# echo $HOME
/root
[root@izbp12am8wqrn7t6wzgmydz Python-3.7.0]# cd /root/Py37/
[root@izbp12am8wqrn7t6wzgmydz bin]# ./python3
Python 3.7.0 (default, Sep 16 2018, 14:12:43)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>> import _ssl
>>>
6.更新python软链接
你要知道系统现在的python的位置在哪儿
[root@izbp12am8wqrn7t6wzgmydz bin]# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python.bak /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python2.7 /etc/python /usr/include/python2.7 /usr/local/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
7、报错error while loading shared libraries: libcrypto.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法:
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/lib/libssl.so.1.1
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.1.1
ldconfig 此步骤不可少,让配置生效
ldd /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl 此步骤用于验证