简单工厂

1、定义
由一个工厂类根据传入的参数，动态决定应该创建哪一个产品类。

2、Spring实例
BeanFactory就是简单工厂模式的体现，根据传入一个唯一的标识来获得bean对象，但是在传入参数后创建还是传入参数前创建，这个要根据具体情况来定。

模拟BeanFactory实例化一个Bean：

public interface BeanFactory {

    Object getBean(String id) throws ExecutionException;

}

public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory {

    private Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String fileName)
            throws DocumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {

        // 加载配置文件
        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
        Document document = reader
            .read(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(fileName));

        // 获取根节点
        Element root = document.getRootElement();
        // 获取子节点
        List<Element> childElements = root.elements();

        for (Element element : childElements) {
            map.put(element.attributeValue("id"), Class.forName(element.attributeValue("class")).newInstance());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Object getBean(String id) throws ExecutionException {
        return map.get(id);
    }

}

public class Car {

    public void run() {
        System.out.println("这是一辆汽车...");
    }

}

public class Train {

    public void run() {
        System.out.println("这是一辆火车....");
    }

}

配置XML文件：

<beans>

    <bean id="car" class="factory.Car">
    </bean>

    <bean id="train" class="factory.Train">
    </bean>

</beans>

测试：

public class BeanFactoryTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
            ClassNotFoundException, DocumentException, ExecutionException {

        BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("factory/applicationContext.xml");
        Car car = (Car) beanFactory.getBean("car");
        car.run();

        Train train = (Train) beanFactory.getBean("train");
        train.run();
    }

}

输出：

这是一辆汽车...
这是一辆火车....