Linux常用命令的英文全拼与来源

写作背景：

1.入职第一周的任务：熟练操作LINUX系统。

2.一周内还花了两天时间处理个人手续问题，所以时间紧迫。

正文：

君子生非异，善假于物也。

古人诚不欺我。

为了短时间掌握常用的Linux命令，我特地在网上将这些命令的全拼罗列了出来，供诸君一览。

如何快速记忆，我自己的一点小心得就是：将新学到的知识跟原有的只是体系尽可能多的产生联系。

镜头拉回到这些个常用命令，发现大部分是很早就学过的英语单词，有了原先的基础，记住这些命令自然不在话下。

命令在附录中。

写在最后：

哪位仁兄有更好的心得与建议，请在评论中指出来，很乐意在工作之余与诸位多多交流。

Linux常用命令缩写

ls：list(列出目录内容)

cd：Change Directory（改变目录）

su:switch user 切换用户

rpm:redhat package manager 红帽子打包管理器

pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径

ps: process status(进程状态，类似于 windows 的任务管理器)

常用参数：－auxf

ps -auxf 显示进程状态

df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。

rpm：即 RedHat Package Management，是 RedHat 的发明之一

rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）

rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）

cat: concatenate 连锁 cat file1 file2>>file3把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到 file3中

insmod: install module,载入模块

ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式

mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录

touch

man: Manual

pwd：Print working directory

su：Swith user

cd：Change directory

ls：List files

ps：Process Status

mkdir：Make directory

rmdir：Remove directory

mkfs: Make file system

fsck：File system check

cat: Concatenate

uname: Unix name

df: Disk free

du: Disk usage

lsmod: List modules

mv: Move file

rm: Remove file

cp: Copy file

ln: Link files

fg: Foreground

bg: Background

chown: Change owner

chgrp: Change group

chmod: Change mode

umount: Unmount

dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”，所以命名为“dd”

tar：Tape archive

ldd：List dynamic dependencies

insmod：Install module

rmmod：Remove module

lsmod：List module

文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc 等）：Resource configuration

Knnxxx / Snnxxx（位于 rcx.d 目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）

.a（扩展名 a）：Archive，static library

.so（扩展名 so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library

.o（扩展名 o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file

RPM：Red hat package manager

dpkg：Debian package manager

apt：Advanced package tool（Debian 或基于 Debian 的发行版中提供）

bin = BINaries

/dev = DEVices

/etc = ETCetera

/lib = LIBrary

/proc = PROCesses

/sbin = Superuser BINaries

/tmp = TeMPorary

/usr = Unix Shared Resources

/var = VARiable ?

FIFO = First In, First Out

GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader

IFS = Internal Field Seperators

LILO = LInux LOader

MySQL = My 是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured Query Language

PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

PS = Prompt String

Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"

Python 得名于电视剧 Monty Python's Flying Circus

Tcl = Tool Command Language

Tk = ToolKit

VT = Video Terminal

YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool

apache = "a patchy" server

apt = Advanced Packaging Tool

ar = archiver

as = assembler

awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母

bash = Bourne Again SHell

bc = Basic (Better) Calculator

bg = BackGround

biff = 作者 Heidi Stettner 在 U.C.Berkely 养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。

cal = CALendar

cat = CATenate

cd = Change Directory

chgrp = CHange GRouP

chmod = CHange MODe

chown = CHange OWNer

chsh = CHange SHell

cmp = compare

cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture

comm = common

cp = CoPy

cpio = CoPy In and Out

cpp = C Pre Processor

cron = Chronos 希腊文时间

cups = Common Unix Printing System

cvs = Current Version System

daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor

dc = Desk Calculator

dd = Disk Dump

df = Disk Free

diff = DIFFerence

dmesg = diagnostic message

du = Disk Usage

ed = editor

egrep = Extended GREP

elf = Extensible Linking Format

elm = ELectronic Mail

emacs = Editor MACroS

eval = EVALuate

ex = EXtended

exec = EXECute

fd = file descriptors

fg = ForeGround

fgrep = Fixed GREP

fmt = format

fsck = File System ChecK

fstab = FileSystem TABle

fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager

gawk = GNU AWK

gpg = GNU Privacy Guard

groff = GNU troff

hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer

joe = Joe's Own Editor

ksh = Korn SHell

lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder

lex = LEXical analyser

lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses

ln = LiNk

lpr = Line PRint

ls = list

lsof = LiSt Open Files

m4 = Macro processor Version 4

man = MANual pages

mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK

mc = Midnight Commander

mkfs = MaKe FileSystem

mknod = MaKe NODe

motd = Message of The Day

mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa

mtab = Mount TABle

mv = MoVe

nano = Nano's ANOther editor

nawk = New AWK

nl = Number of Lines

nm = names

nohup = No HangUP

nroff = New ROFF

od = Octal Dump

passwd = PASSWorD

pg = pager

pico = PIne's message COmposition editor

pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"

ping = 拟声又 = Packet InterNet Grouper

pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability

popd = POP Directory

pr = pre

printf = PRINT Formatted

ps = Processes Status

pty = pseudo tty

pushd = PUSH Directory

pwd = Print Working Directory

rc = runcom = run command, rc 还是 plan9的 shell

rev = REVerse

rm = ReMove

rn = Read News

roff = RunOFF

rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager

rsh, rlogin, rvim 中的 r = Remote

rxvt = ouR XVT

seamoneky = 我

sed = Stream EDitor

seq = SEQuence

shar = SHell ARchive

slrn = S-Lang rn

ssh = Secure SHell

ssl = Secure Sockets Layer

stty = Set TTY

su = Substitute User

svn = SubVersioN

tar = Tape ARchive

tcsh = TENEX C shell

tee = T (T 形水管接口)

telnet = TEminaL over Network

termcap = terminal capability

terminfo = terminal information

tex = τ