MQTT协议（一）头部信息

简要地说，

MQTT消息 =  固定头部（最小2字节）+ 可变头部 + Playload/消息体/负荷     

其中，每个MQTT消息都包含有一个固定的头部，有些消息含有可变头部和消息体。

一、固定头部

固定头部，使用两个字节，共16位：

bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
byte 1	Message Type				DUP flag	QoS level		RETAIN
byte 2	Remaining Length

1、第一个字节(byte 1)

消息类型(4-7)，使用4位二进制表示，可代表16种消息类型：

Mnemonic	Enumeration	Description
Reserved	0	Reserved
CONNECT	1	Client request to connect to Server
CONNACK	2	Connect Acknowledgment
PUBLISH	3	Publish message
PUBACK	4	Publish Acknowledgment
PUBREC	5	Publish Received (assured delivery part 1)
PUBREL	6	Publish Release (assured delivery part 2)
PUBCOMP	7	Publish Complete (assured delivery part 3)
SUBSCRIBE	8	Client Subscribe request
SUBACK	9	Subscribe Acknowledgment
UNSUBSCRIBE	10	Client Unsubscribe request
UNSUBACK	11	Unsubscribe Acknowledgment
PINGREQ	12	PING Request
PINGRESP	13	PING Response
DISCONNECT	14