python_11(format、转义字符、连接字符、字符串操作函数、字符串反转)

——————–数据格式化—————————-

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 格式化字符串
str1 = "version"
num = 1.0
format = "%s" % str1
print format
format = "%s %d" % (str1, num)
print format

# 带精度的格式化
print "浮点型数字: %f" % 1.25   
print "浮点型数字: %.1f" % 1.25 
print "浮点型数字: %.2f" % 1.254 

# 使用字典格式化字符串
print "%(version)s: %(num).1f" % {"version": "version", "num": 2}

# 字符串对齐
word = "version3.0"
print word.center(20)
print word.center(20, "*")
print word.ljust(0)
print word.rjust(20)
print "%30s" % word

#输出
>>> 
version
version 1
浮点型数字: 1.250000
浮点型数字: 1.2
浮点型数字: 1.25
version: 2.0
     version3.0     
*****version3.0*****
version3.0
          version3.0
                    version3.0
>>> 

——————-转义字符———————

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 输出转义字符
path = "hello\tworld\n"
print path
print len(path)  
path = r"hello\tworld\n" 
print path
print len(path)  


# strip()去掉转义字符
word = "\thello world\n"
print "直接输出:", word
print "strip()后输出:", word.strip()
print "lstrip()后输出:", word.lstrip()
print "rstrip()后输出:", word.rstrip()

#输出
>>> 
hello   world

12
hello\tworld\n
14
直接输出:   hello world

strip()后输出: hello world
lstrip()后输出: hello world

rstrip()后输出:    hello world
>>> 

—————–连接字符—————————

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用"+"连接字符串
str1 = "hello "
str2 = "world "
str3 = "hello "
str4 = "China "
result = str1 + str2 + str3
result += str4
print result

# 使用join()连接字符串
strs = ["hello ", "world ", "hello ", "China "]
result = "".join(strs)
print result

# 使用reduce()连接字符串
import operator
strs = ["hello ", "world ", "hello ", "China "]
result = reduce(operator.add, strs, "")
print result

#输出
>>> 
hello world hello China 
hello world hello China 
hello world hello China 
>>> 

——————字符串操作函数———————–

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用索引截取子串
word = "world"
print word[4]

# 使用split()获取子串
sentence = "Bob said: 1, 2, 3, 4"
print "使用空格取子串:", sentence.split()
print "使用逗号取子串:", sentence.split(",")
print "使用两个逗号取子串:", sentence.split(",", 2)

# 字符串连接后将分配新的空间
str1 = "a"
print id(str1)
print id(str1 + "b")

# 特殊切片截取子串
str1 = "hello world"
print word[0:3]
print str1[::2]
print str1[1::2]


#输出
>>> 
d
使用空格取子串: ['Bob', 'said:', '1,', '2,', '3,', '4']
使用逗号取子串: ['Bob said: 1', ' 2', ' 3', ' 4']
使用两个逗号取子串: ['Bob said: 1', ' 2', ' 3, 4']
41185408
46365832
wor
hlowrd
el ol
>>> 

startswith()函数判断文本是否以某个字符开始，
endswith()函数判断文本是否以某个字符结束。

—————–字符串反转————————-

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用list的reverse()
def reverse(s):    
    li = list(s) 
    li.reverse()
    s = "".join(li)
    return s

print reverse("hello")

# 循环输出反转的字符串
def reverse(s):
    out = ""
    li = list(s) 
    for i in range(len(li), 0, -1):
        out += "".join(li[i-1])
    return out

print reverse("hello")

# 特殊切片反转字符串
def reverse(s):
    return s[::-1]

print reverse("hello")

#输出
>>> 
olleh
olleh
olleh
>>>