单例模式的几种实现

1、饿汉式,线程安全 但效率比较低

public class Singleton0 {
    /**
     * 定义私有构造方法（防止通过 new SingletonTest()去实例化）
     */
    private Singleton0() {
    }

    private final static Singleton0 instance = new Singleton0();

    public static Singleton0 getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }

}

2、只适用于单线程环境,饱汉式,非线程安全 。

public class Singleton1 {

    /**
     * 将构造方法设置成私有的，禁止他人创建实例。
     */
    private Singleton1() {
    }

    private static Singleton1 instance;

    public static Singleton1 getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new Singleton1();
        }
        return instance;
    }

}

3、适用于多线程环境,饱汉式,线程安全简单实现

public class Singleton2 {
    private Singleton2() {
    }

    private static Singleton2 instance;

    public static synchronized Singleton2 getInstance() {

        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new Singleton2();
        }

        return instance;
    }
}

4、加同步锁之后两次判断实例是否存在，内存占用小，效率高，线程安全，多线程操作原子性。

public class Singleton3 {

    private Singleton3() {

    }

    private static Singleton3 instance;

    public static Singleton3 getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton3.class) {
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new Singleton3();
                }
            }
        }

        return instance;
    }

}

5、实现按需创建实例。

public class Singleton4 {
    private Singleton4() {
    }

    public static synchronized Singleton4 getInstance() {
        return SingleHolder.instance;
    }

    private static class SingleHolder {
        private static Singleton4 instance = new Singleton4();
    }
}