当你在终端环境下安装新的软件时,你可以经常看到信息对话框弹出,需要你的输入。对话框的类型有密码箱,检查表,菜单,等等。他们可以引导你以一种直观的方式输入必要的信息,使用这样的用户友好的对话框的好处是显而易见的。如下图所示:
当你写一个交互式shell脚本,你可以使用这样的对话框来接受用户的输入。whiptail可以在shell脚本中创建基于终端的对话框,消息框的过程,类似于Zenity或xdialog GUI脚本代码。预先安装在所有的Linux发布版本中。
下面来看看whiptail的用法:
创建一个消息框
一个消息框中显示一个确认按钮继续任意的文本消息。
语法:
whiptail --title "<message box title>" --msgbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>
实例:
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|
#!/bin/bash
whiptail
--
title
"Test Message Box"
--
msgbox
"Create a message box with whiptail. Choose Ok to continue."
10
60
|
创建一个yes/no对话框
用户输入yes或no的对话框。
语法:
whiptail --title "<dialog box title>" --yesno "<text to show>" <height> <width>
实例:
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#!/bin/bash
if
(
whiptail
--
title
"Test Yes/No Box"
--
yesno
"Choose between Yes and No."
10
60
)
then
echo
"You chose Yes. Exit status was $?."
else
echo
"You chose No. Exit status was $?."
fi
|
或者,你可以是“--yes-button” ,"--no-button"选项。
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#!/bin/bash
if
(
whiptail
--
title
"Test Yes/No Box"
--
yes
-
button
"Skittles"
--
no
-
button
"M&M's"
--
yesno
"Which do you like better?"
10
60
)
then
echo
"You chose Skittles Exit status was $?."
else
echo
"You chose M&M's. Exit status was $?."
fi
|
创建一个表单输入框
如果你想用户输入任意的文本,您可以使用一个输入框。
语法:
whiptail --title "<input box title>" --inputbox "<text to show>" <height> <width> <default-text>
实例:
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#!/bin/bash
PET
=
$
(
whiptail
--
title
"Test Free-form Input Box"
--
inputbox
"What is your pet's name?"
10
60
Wigglebutt
3
>
&
1
1
>
&
2
2
>
&
3
)
exitstatus
=
$
?
if
[
$
exitstatus
=
0
]
;
then
echo
"Your pet name is:"
$
PET
else
echo
"You chose Cancel."
fi
|
创建一个密码框
当用户需要输入敏感信息时密码框是有用的。
语法:
whiptail --title "<password box title>" --passwordbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>
实例:
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#!/bin/bash
PASSWORD
=
$
(
whiptail
--
title
"Test Password Box"
--
passwordbox
"Enter your password and choose Ok to continue."
10
60
3
>
&
1
1
>
&
2
2
>
&
3
)
exitstatus
=
$
?
if
[
$
exitstatus
=
0
]
;
then
echo
"Your password is:"
$
PASSWORD
else
echo
"You chose Cancel."
fi
|
创建一个菜单栏
当你想让用户选择一个任意数量的选择中,你可以使用菜单框。
语法:
whiptail --title "<menu title>" --menu "<text to show>" <height> <width> <menu height> [ <tag> <item> ] . . .
实例:
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#!/bin/bash
OPTION
=
$
(
whiptail
--
title
"Test Menu Dialog"
--
menu
"Choose your option"
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60
4
\
"1"
"Grilled Spicy Sausage"
\
"2"
"Grilled Halloumi Cheese"
\
"3"
"Charcoaled Chicken Wings"
\
"4"
"Fried Aubergine"
3
>
&
1
1
>
&
2
2
>
&
3
)
exitstatus
=
$
?
if
[
$
exitstatus
=
0
]
;
then
echo
"Your chosen option:"
$
OPTION
else
echo
"You chose Cancel."
fi
|
创建radiolist对话框
语法:
whiptail --title "<radiolist title>" --radiolist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .
实例:
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#!/bin/bash
DISTROS
=
$
(
whiptail
--
title
"Test Checklist Dialog"
--
radiolist
\
"What is the Linux distro of your choice?"
15
60
4
\
"debian"
"Venerable Debian"
ON
\
"ubuntu"
"Popular Ubuntu"
OFF
\
"centos"
"Stable CentOS"
OFF
\
"mint"
"Rising Star Mint"
OFF
3
>
&
1
1
>
&
2
2
>
&
3
)
exitstatus
=
$
?
if
[
$
exitstatus
=
0
]
;
then
echo
"The chosen distro is:"
$
DISTROS
else
echo
"You chose Cancel."
fi
|
创建一个表对话框
当你想让用户选择一个列表中选择多个选项的清单对话框是有用的,radiolist对话框,只允许选择一个。
语法:
whiptail --title "<checklist title>" --checklist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .
实例:
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#!/bin/bash
DISTROS
=
$
(
whiptail
--
title
"Test Checklist Dialog"
--
checklist
\
"Choose preferred Linux distros"
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60
4
\
"debian"
"Venerable Debian"
ON
\
"ubuntu"
"Popular Ubuntu"
OFF
\
"centos"
"Stable CentOS"
ON
\
"mint"
"Rising Star Mint"
OFF
3
>
&
1
1
>
&
2
2
>
&
3
)
exitstatus
=
$
?
if
[
$
exitstatus
=
0
]
;
then
echo
"Your favorite distros are:"
$
DISTROS
else
echo
"You chose Cancel."
fi
|
创建一个进度条
进度条是一个用户友好的对话框。whiptail从标准输入读取一个百分数(0~100),显示一个表内相应的计数。
语法:
whiptail --gauge "<test to show>" <height> <width> <inital percent>
实例:
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#!/bin/bash
{
for
(
(
i
=
0
;
i
<=
100
;
i
+=
20
)
)
;
do
sleep
1
echo
$
i
done
}
|
whiptail
--
gauge
"Please wait while installing"
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0
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哈哈,是多么容易在交互式shell脚本创建有用的对话框了吧。下次需要写一个交互式的shell脚本,试着用whiptail哈。