MyBatis运行原理(附源码)

一、SqlSessionFactory

我们在学习初学MyBatis的时候,一般都会写一个MyBatisUtil,以获取SqlSession。其中一开始的片段一般是这样的:

InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis.xml");
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

我们知道,这里最终创建了一个SqlSessionFactory对象,但是期间到底发生了什么呢?

1.首先,从代码中我们可以知道,Resources加载全局配置文件xml,把它解析成了一个输入流

2.调用SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象的build()创建factory。
我们来看看build()是怎么写的:

  
  public SqlSessionFactory build(InputStream inputStream, String environment, Properties properties) {
    try {
      // 通过XMLConfigBuilder解析配置文件,解析的配置相关信息都会封装为一个Configuration对象
      XMLConfigBuilder parser = new XMLConfigBuilder(inputStream, environment, properties);
      // 然后返回一个DefaultSqlSessionFactory
      return build(parser.parse());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error building SqlSession.", e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
      try {
        inputStream.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // Intentionally ignore. Prefer previous error.
      }
    }
  }
  
  public SqlSessionFactory build(Configuration config) {
    return new DefaultSqlSessionFactory(config);
  }

我们来看parse()方法:

  public Configuration parse() {
    if (parsed) {
      throw new BuilderException("Each XMLConfigBuilder can only be used once.");
    }
    parsed = true;
    parseConfiguration(parser.evalNode("/configuration"));
    return configuration;
  }

  // parse()在解析什么呢?
  // 看"properties"、"typeAliases"、"environments"有没有让你联想到什么?
  private void parseConfiguration(XNode root) {
    try {
      propertiesElement(root.evalNode("properties")); //issue #117 read properties first
      typeAliasesElement(root.evalNode("typeAliases"));
      pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins"));
      objectFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectFactory"));
      objectWrapperFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectWrapperFactory"));
      settingsElement(root.evalNode("settings"));
      environmentsElement(root.evalNode("environments")); // read it after objectFactory and objectWrapperFactory issue #631
      databaseIdProviderElement(root.evalNode("databaseIdProvider"));
      typeHandlerElement(root.evalNode("typeHandlers"));
      mapperElement(root.evalNode("mappers"));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new BuilderException("Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

2.1、综上,我们看到程序先利用输入流创建了一个XMLConfigBuilder对象,然后调用其parse()得到一个Configuration对象。即先解析配置文件输入流,然后把配置信息封装到Configuration对象中

2.2、利用 Configuration 创建 DefaultSqlSessionFactory

一顿操作好复杂,其实简单来说,就是mybatis.xml --> Configuration对象(读取mybatis配置文件到Configuration对象,用于创建SqlSessionFactory)

我们的 mybatis.xml 文件中有这样一段

	<environments default="default">
		<environment id="default">
			<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
			<dataSource type="POOLED">
				<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
				<property name="url"
					value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm" />
				<property name="username" value="root" />
				<property name="password" value="0" />
			</dataSource>
		</environment>
	</environments>

然后,Configuration类的构造函数

  public Configuration(Environment environment) {
    this();
    this.environment = environment;
  }

是不是很眼熟呢?

二、SqlSession

SqlSessionFactory有了,然后我们来生产SqlSession

	SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
  
  private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
    Transaction tx = null;
    try {
      // 从Configuration对象中获取到environment信息,用于创建 TransactionFactory
      final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
      final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
      // transaction用于提交、回滚事务等操作,里面封装了数据库连接 Connection和数据源 DataSource
      tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
      // executor是MyBatis的sql执行器,相当于JDBC中的 Statement对象
      final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);
      return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }

我们看到,程序先用TransactionFactory创建了一个Transaction对象,再用它封装了一个Executor对象,最后封装出了一个DefaultSqlSession


我们说 mybatis 是对 JDBC 的封装,大家可以对比下 JDBC 对应的类封装在了哪里

	Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
	Connection ct = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm", "root","0");
	PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement("select * from users where sex=?");
	ps.setString(1, "男");
	ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();

三、综述

1、mybatis 运行时,先通过 Resources 加载核心配置文件 mybatis.xml ,然后通过 xmlConfigBulider 解析,解析完成后把结果放入 configuration 中,并把它作为参数传入到 build() 中,返回一个DefaultSqlSessionFactory

2、当调用 openSession() 来获取 SqlSession 时,程序会创建 transaction 和 executor 用于后续执行操作。

四、Mapper

得到 SqlSession 对象之后,我们可以利用它来创建 Mapper 对象,继而进行 CRUD 操作。

源码追踪

	UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
	User user = userMapper.getUserById(1); //在这里打断点并debug

debug 模式进入内部方法

  // 可以看到这里使用了动态代理技术
  // 亦即其实得到的 XXXMapper对象是一个动态代理对象,最终调用的是代理的invoke方法
  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
      try {
        return method.invoke(this, args);
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
      }
    }
    final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method);
    // 进入 ————————————————
    return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args);
  }

execute():

  public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
    Object result;
    if (SqlCommandType.INSERT == command.getType()) {
      Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
      result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
    } else if (SqlCommandType.UPDATE == command.getType()) {
      Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
      result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
    } else if (SqlCommandType.DELETE == command.getType()) {
      Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
      result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param));
    } else if (SqlCommandType.SELECT == command.getType()) {
      if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) {
        executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args);
        result = null;
      } else if (method.returnsMany()) {
        result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args);
      } else if (method.returnsMap()) {
        result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args);
      } else {
        Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
        // 进入 ——————————————————
        result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param);
      }
    } else {
      throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName());
    }
    if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) {
      throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName() 
          + " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ").");
    }
    return result;
  }

selectOne():

public <T> T selectOne(String statement, Object parameter) {
    // Popular vote was to return null on 0 results and throw exception on too many.
    // 进入 ————————————————
    List<T> list = this.<T>selectList(statement, parameter);
    if (list.size() == 1) {
      return list.get(0);
    } else if (list.size() > 1) {
      throw new TooManyResultsException("Expected one result (or null) to be returned by selectOne(), but found: " + list.size());
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

selectList():

  public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {
    try {
      MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
      // 进入 ——————————————————
      List<E> result = executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);
      return result;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }

这里再追下去就是Executor了(封装了Statement等),之后就是JDBC的内容了…

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