python中sort和sorted总结

概要

list.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False):

list的一个成员函数，调用时list本身发生改变

• cmp: 排序函数
• key: 排序关键字
• reverse: 升序（False）或者降序（True）

sorted(iterable, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False):

python的一个内部函数，对可迭代类型数据进行排序并返回，但不影响数据本身

• cmp: 排序函数
• key: 排序关键字
• reverse: 升序（False）或者降序（True）

简单排序

a1 = [3,2,1,6,5,4]
a2 = [3,2,1,6,5,4]

print a1 # [3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4]
a1.sort() #调用成员函数进行排序(默认为升序：reversr=False)，返回值为‘none’
print a1 # 重新输出a1,此时的a1已经改变：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
a1.sort(reverse=True) # 降序
print a1 # [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
print '\n'
print a2 # [3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4]
print sorted(a2) # 对a2进行排序：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print sorted(a2,reverse=True) #降序：[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
print a2 # 此时a2不变：[3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4]

[3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]


[3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
[3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4]

根据cmp函数进行排序

a1 = [['a',3],['c',2],['b',4],['d',1]]
a2 = [['a',3],['c',2],['b',4],['d',1]]

print a1
a1.sort() # 默认根据每一个子列表中起始元素（索引为0）进行排序
print a1
a1.sort(cmp = lambda x,y:cmp(x[0],y[0])) # 根据每一个子列表中起始元素（索引为0）进行排序
print a1
a1.sort(cmp = lambda x,y:cmp(x[1],y[1])) # 根据每一个子列表中索引为1的元素进行排序
print a1
print '\n'

## 用sorted函数对a2排序，不改变a2自身的值，其他与a2.sort()相同
print a2
print sorted(a2)
print a2,'\n'
print sorted(a2,cmp = lambda x,y:cmp(x[0],y[0]))
print a2,'\n'
print sorted(a2,cmp = lambda x,y:cmp(x[1],y[1]))
print a2

[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['b', 4], ['c', 2], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['b', 4], ['c', 2], ['d', 1]]
[['d', 1], ['c', 2], ['a', 3], ['b', 4]]


[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['b', 4], ['c', 2], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]] 

[['a', 3], ['b', 4], ['c', 2], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]] 

[['d', 1], ['c', 2], ['a', 3], ['b', 4]]
[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]]

根据key关键字进行排序

a1 = [['a',3],['c',2],['b',4],['d',1]]
a2 = [['a',3],['c',2],['b',4],['d',1]]

print a1
a1.sort() # 默认根据每一个子列表中起始元素（索引为0）进行排序
print a1
a1.sort(key = lambda x:x[0]) # 根据每一个子列表中起始元素（索引为0）进行排序
print a1
a1.sort(key = lambda x:x[1]) # 根据每一个子列表中索引为1的元素进行排序
print a1
print '\n'

## 用sorted函数对a2排序，不改变a2自身的值，其他与a2.sort()相同
print a2
print sorted(a2)
print a2,'\n'
print sorted(a2,key = lambda x:x[0])
print a2,'\n'
print sorted(a2,key = lambda x:x[1])
print a2

[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['b', 4], ['c', 2], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['b', 4], ['c', 2], ['d', 1]]
[['d', 1], ['c', 2], ['a', 3], ['b', 4]]


[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['b', 4], ['c', 2], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]] 

[['a', 3], ['b', 4], ['c', 2], ['d', 1]]
[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]] 

[['d', 1], ['c', 2], ['a', 3], ['b', 4]]
[['a', 3], ['c', 2], ['b', 4], ['d', 1]]