Dart和C，C++混合编程

刚开始研究dart调用C、C++，走了很多弯路，以为char*和String转化必须通过自己写的Pointer来进行转换，熟不知，有更好的方法，flutter pub的ffi库封装了dart与C交互的所有方法，包括指针管理malloc、free等方法，以下简单说明。

参考链接
https://pub.flutter-io.cn/packages/ffi
https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/samples/ffi

在pubspec.yaml文件中添加

dependencies:
 ffi: ^0.1.3

然后import ‘package:ffi/ffi.dart’;即可

import 'dart:core';
import 'dart:ffi';
import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';

import "dart:convert";
import 'dart:io';   // For Platform.isX

final DynamicLibrary dylib = Platform.isAndroid
    ? DynamicLibrary.open("libnative_add.so")
    : DynamicLibrary.open("native_add.framework/native_add");

  // C string parameter pointer function - char *reverse(char *str, int length);
typedef reverse_func = Pointer<Utf8> Function(Pointer<Utf8> str, Int32 length);
typedef Reverse = Pointer<Utf8> Function(Pointer<Utf8> str, int length);
final reversePointer = dylib.lookup<NativeFunction<reverse_func>>('reverse');
final reverse = reversePointer.asFunction<Reverse>();

// C string pointer return function - char *hello_world();
// There's no need for two typedefs here, as both the
// C and Dart functions have the same signature
typedef hello_world_func = Pointer<Utf8> Function();
  final helloWorldPointer =
      dylib.lookup<NativeFunction<hello_world_func>>('hello_world');
  final hello_world = helloWorldPointer.asFunction<hello_world_func>();


// changeString
final void Function(Pointer<Utf8>) changeString = dylib
    .lookup<NativeFunction<Void Function(Pointer<Utf8>)>>("changeString")
    .asFunction();

  // C string parameter pointer function -  char * testCallBack(callback cb)
typedef callback = Void Function(Pointer<Utf8>);//注意void 和Void的区别
typedef testCallBack_func = Int32 Function(Pointer<NativeFunction<callback>>  func);
typedef TestStringCallBack = int Function(Pointer<NativeFunction<callback>>  func);
final testCallBackPointer = dylib.lookup<NativeFunction<testCallBack_func>>('testStringCallBack');
final testStringCallBack = testCallBackPointer.asFunction<TestStringCallBack>();


void testStrinfCb(Pointer<Utf8> str)
{
  print('${Utf8.fromUtf8(str)}');
 // free(str);
   print('cb end');
}
  Pointer<NativeFunction<callback>> pFunc = Pointer.fromFunction(testStrinfCb);
  
main() 
{
   print('start main');
   {
    // Basic operation: allocate, get, set, and free.
      Pointer<Int64> p = allocate();
      p.value = 42;
      int pValue = p.value;
      print('${p.runtimeType} value: ${pValue}');
      free(p);
   }

   {
    // Undefined behavior before set.
    Pointer<Int64> p = allocate();
    int pValue = p.value;
    print('If not set, returns garbage: ${pValue}');
    free(p);
  }

  {

     // Allocate and free some native memory with malloc and free.
    final pointer = allocate<Uint8>();
    pointer.value = 3;
    print(pointer.value);
    free(pointer);
     print(pointer.value);
    
  // Use the Utf8 helper to encode null-terminated Utf8 strings in native memory.
    final String myString = "😎👿💬";
    final Pointer<Utf8> charPointer = Utf8.toUtf8(myString);
    print("First byte is: ${charPointer.cast<Uint8>().value}");
    print(Utf8.fromUtf8(charPointer));
        print('free before:: ${Utf8.fromUtf8(charPointer)}');
    free(charPointer);
        print('free  after::     ${Utf8.fromUtf8(charPointer)}');

  }

  {
    final String str  = "hello world 123456";
    final charpoint = reverse(Utf8.toUtf8(str),str.length);
    print('reverse ${Utf8.fromUtf8(charpoint)}');
    free(charpoint);
  }

  {
    final String str  = "hello world 123456";
    Pointer<Utf8> charPoint = Utf8.toUtf8(str);
    print('changeString:: ${charPoint.address} ${Utf8.fromUtf8(charPoint)}');
    changeString(charPoint);
    print('changeString:: ${charPoint.address}   ${Utf8.fromUtf8(charPoint)}');
    free(charPoint);// is ok 
    //print('changeString:: ${charPoint.address}   ${Utf8.fromUtf8(charPoint)}');
  }
  {
    Pointer<Utf8> p1 = hello_world();
    print('hello_world: ${Utf8.fromUtf8(p1)}');
    free(p1);
    print('hello_world: ${Utf8.fromUtf8(p1)}');
  }

//test callback
{
  testStringCallBack(pFunc);
}

}