Min Stack

题目地址：https://leetcode.com/problems/min-stack/

Design a stack that supports push, pop, top, and retrieving the minimum element in constant time.

• push(x) – Push element x onto stack.
• pop() – Removes the element on top of the stack.
• top() – Get the top element.
• getMin() – Retrieve the minimum element in the stack.

Example:

MinStack minStack = new MinStack();
minStack.push(-2);
minStack.push(0);
minStack.push(-3);
minStack.getMin();   --> Returns -3.
minStack.pop();
minStack.top();      --> Returns 0.
minStack.getMin();   --> Returns -2.

堆栈几个操作本身的实现问题不是很大，用LinkedList提供的方法基本就能搞定了，但是这里多了一个getMin方法，如果是每次调用getMin的时候都要从栈顶扫描到栈底去找最小值，那么这样是十分耗时的，那么我们就应该想办法在元素入栈的时候就想办法保存下来。

我们可以再设这样一个栈，这个栈根据上一个栈的push操作，如果出现更小的数字，则minStack执行push，如果上一个栈执行pop且pop出来的值等于minStack栈顶的值，那么minStack也执行pop操作，这样的话getMin的具体实现就是minStack.getFirst()啦，时间复杂度为O(1)：

public class MinStack {
    /** initialize your data structure here. */
    LinkedList<Integer> stack = new LinkedList<>();
    LinkedList<Integer> minStack = new LinkedList<>();

    public MinStack() {

    }

    public void push(int x) {
        stack.push(x);
        if (minStack.size() == 0)
            minStack.push(x);
        else {
            if (minStack.getFirst() >= x)
                minStack.push(x);
        }

    }

    public void pop() {
        int x = stack.pop();
        if (x == minStack.getFirst()){
            minStack.pop();
        }
    }

    public int top() {
        return stack.getFirst();
    }

    public int getMin() {
        return minStack.getFirst();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MinStack stack = new MinStack();
        stack.push(1);
        stack.push(2);
        stack.push(-3);
        System.out.println(stack.getMin());
        stack.pop();
        System.out.println(stack.top());
        stack.pop();
        System.out.println(stack.top());
    }
}

/**
 * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MinStack obj = new MinStack();
 * obj.push(x);
 * obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.top();
 * int param_4 = obj.getMin();
 */