目前新版的MySQL已经不支持加哈希索引了,我测试的时候虽然能使用hash关键字语句,如下,
create index hash_ID using hash on Course(ID);
但是在终端查询table中的索引类型,显示为Btree索引。。。
以下代码是如何建立哈希索引的代码:
加一句engine=memory;
Create table Course(
EmpID int,
CourseID int,
Prof varchar(20),
Grade int)engine=memory;
原理是:将数据库表直接写入memory,就能够建立hash index,但是会遇到如图的问题:
原因是mysql默认的memory太小了,以下给出了解决办法:
创建并修改my.cnf文件
目前最新版本的MySQL安装好已经不存在此文件了,所以需要我们自行添加,步骤如下:
- 使用命令行“cd..”多次,进入最外层目录,然后输入“cd /etc”,进入/etc目录下创建my.cnf文件
sudo vim my.cnf
- 将以下配置内容写入文件中:
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host = <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user = <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
default-character-set=utf8
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
在上述文件18行 “[client] default-character-set=utf8” 后加入以下代码;
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
以下是会用到的终端命令:
修改文件读写权限:
sudo chmod 664 /etc/my.cnf
查看文件:
vi my.cnf
插入内容:
字母i(insert)
保存退出:
退格键ESC,然后输入":wq" 即可保存文件,退出
重启MySQL
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart
创建数据库
在这里我遇到了一个问题,可以提醒大家去避免。
我在重启MySQL之后,接着使用的我进行上述所有操作前创建的数据库,并插入数据表,但是还是遇到了table full问题,但是在之后我重新创建了一个新数据库,插入table成功!!!完美!!!
create database example;(终端命令)
插入数据库表
对于大量插入命令,我们可以使用导入文件的方式:
source 文件路径
接下来我们创建哈希索引,创建后查看索引类型,成功了!!!