MAC使用mysql建立哈希索引方法及遇到内存full的解决办法

目前新版的MySQL已经不支持加哈希索引了，我测试的时候虽然能使用hash关键字语句，如下，

create index hash_ID using hash on Course(ID);

但是在终端查询table中的索引类型，显示为Btree索引。。。

以下代码是如何建立哈希索引的代码：

加一句engine=memory;
Create table Course(
EmpID int, 
CourseID int, 
Prof varchar(20), 
Grade int)engine=memory;

原理是：将数据库表直接写入memory，就能够建立hash index，但是会遇到如图的问题：

原因是mysql默认的memory太小了，以下给出了解决办法：

创建并修改my.cnf文件

目前最新版本的MySQL安装好已经不存在此文件了，所以需要我们自行添加，步骤如下：

• 使用命令行“cd..”多次，进入最外层目录，然后输入“cd /etc”，进入/etc目录下创建my.cnf文件

sudo vim my.cnf

• 将以下配置内容写入文件中：

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.  
  #  
  # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays  
  # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with  
  # other programs (such as a web server)  
  #  
  # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of  
  # locations which depend on the deployment platform.  
  # You can copy this option file to one of those  
  # locations. For information about these locations, see:  
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html  
  #  
  # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.  
  # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program  
  # with the "--help" option.  
  # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients  
  [client]
  default-character-set=utf8
  #password   = your_password  
  port        = 3306  
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock   
  # Here follows entries for some specific programs  
  # The MySQL server  
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
  port        = 3306  
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
  skip-external-locking  
  key_buffer_size = 16M  
  max_allowed_packet = 1M  
  table_open_cache = 64  
  sort_buffer_size = 512K  
  net_buffer_length = 8K  
  read_buffer_size = 256K  
  read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K  
  myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M  
  character-set-server=utf8  
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' 
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,  
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.  
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.  
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows  
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!  
#   
#skip-networking  
  # Replication Master Server (default)  
  # binary logging is required for replication  
  log-bin=mysql-bin  
    # binary logging format - mixed recommended  
    binlog_format=mixed  
      # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1  
      # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set  
      # but will not function as a master if omitted  
      server-id   = 1  
    # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)  
    #  
    # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between  
    # two methods :  
    #  
    # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -  
    #    the syntax is:  
    #  
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,  
    #    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;  
    #  
    #    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and  
    #    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).  
    #  
    #    Example:  
    #  
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,  
    #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';  
    #  
    # OR  
    #  
    # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then  
    #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example  
    #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to  
    #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later  
    #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and  
    #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown  
    #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.  
    #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched  
    #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)  
    #  
    # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1  
    # (and different from the master)  
    # defaults to 2 if master-host is set  
    # but will not function as a slave if omitted  
    #server-id       = 2  
    #  
    # The replication master for this slave - required  
    #master-host     =   <hostname>  
    #  
    # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting  
    # to the master - required  
    #master-user     =   <username>  
    #  
    # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to  
    # the master - required  
    #master-password =   <password>  
    #  
    # The port the master is listening on.  
    # optional - defaults to 3306  
    #master-port     =  <port>  
    #  
    # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended  
    #log-bin=mysql-bin  
      # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  
      #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
      #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  
      #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
      # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %  
      # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high  
      #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  
      #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  
      # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  
      #innodb_log_file_size = 5M  
      #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  
      #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1  
      #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50  
 
        [mysqldump]  
        quick  
        max_allowed_packet = 16M  
 
          [mysql]  
          no-auto-rehash  
          # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  
          #safe-updates  
          default-character-set=utf8   
 
        [myisamchk]  
        key_buffer_size = 20M  
        sort_buffer_size = 20M  
        read_buffer = 2M  
        write_buffer = 2M  
 
          [mysqlhotcopy]  
          interactive-timeout

在上述文件18行 “[client] default-character-set=utf8” 后加入以下代码；

tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M

以下是会用到的终端命令：

修改文件读写权限：
sudo chmod 664 /etc/my.cnf
查看文件：
vi my.cnf
插入内容：
字母i（insert）
保存退出：
退格键ESC，然后输入":wq" 即可保存文件，退出

重启MySQL

sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart

创建数据库

在这里我遇到了一个问题，可以提醒大家去避免。

我在重启MySQL之后，接着使用的我进行上述所有操作前创建的数据库，并插入数据表，但是还是遇到了table full问题，但是在之后我重新创建了一个新数据库，插入table成功！！！完美！！！

create database example;(终端命令)

插入数据库表

对于大量插入命令，我们可以使用导入文件的方式：

source 文件路径

接下来我们创建哈希索引，创建后查看索引类型，成功了！！！