- 在并发环境下,解决共享资源冲突问题时,可以考虑使用锁机制。
- 1.对象的锁
- 所有对象都自动含有单一的锁。
- JVM负责跟踪对象被加锁的次数。如果一个对象被解锁,其计数变为0。在任务(线程)第一次给对象加锁的时候,计数变为1。每当这个相同的任务(线程)在此对象上获得锁时,计数会递增。
- 只有首先获得锁的任务(线程)才能继续获取该对象上的多个锁。
- 每当任务离开一个synchronized方法,计数递减,当计数为0的时候,锁被完全释放,此时别的任务就可以使用此资源。
- 2.synchronized同步块
- 2.1同步到单一对象锁
- 当使用同步块时,如果方法下的同步块都同步到一个对象上的锁,则所有的任务(线程)只能互斥的进入这些同步块。
- Resource1.java演示了三个线程(包括main线程)试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中,虽然这些同步块处在不同的方法中,但由于是同步到同一个对象(当前对象 synchronized (this)),所以对它们的方法依然是互斥的。
- Resource1.java
- package com.zj.lock;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class Resource1 {
- public void f() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in f()");
- synchronized (this) {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in f()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public void g() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in g()");
- synchronized (this) {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in g()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public void h() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in h()");
- synchronized (this) {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in h()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- final Resource1 rs = new Resource1();
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- rs.f();
- }
- }.start();
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- rs.g();
- }
- }.start();
- rs.h();
- }
- }
- 结果:
- Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:not synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- main:synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- 2.2 同步到多个对象锁
- Resource1.java演示了三个线程(包括main线程)试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中,这些同步块处在不同的方法中,并且是同步到三个不同的对象(synchronized (this),synchronized (syncObject1),synchronized (syncObject2)),所以对它们的方法中的临界资源访问是独立的。
- Resource2.java
- package com.zj.lock;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class Resource2 {
- private Object syncObject1 = new Object();
- private Object syncObject2 = new Object();
- public void f() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in f()");
- synchronized (this) {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in f()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public void g() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in g()");
- synchronized (syncObject1) {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in g()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public void h() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in h()");
- synchronized (syncObject2) {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in h()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- final Resource2 rs = new Resource2();
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- rs.f();
- }
- }.start();
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- rs.g();
- }
- }.start();
- rs.h();
- }
- }
- 结果:
- Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:not synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- 3.Lock对象锁
- 除了使用synchronized外,还可以使用Lock对象来创建临界区。Resource3.java的演示效果同Resource1.java;Resource4.java的演示效果同Resource2.java。
- Resource3.java
- package com.zj.lock;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
- public class Resource3 {
- private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
- public void f() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in f()");
- lock.lock();
- try {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in f()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- } finally {
- lock.unlock();
- }
- }
- public void g() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in g()");
- lock.lock();
- try {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in g()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- } finally {
- lock.unlock();
- }
- }
- public void h() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in h()");
- lock.lock();
- try {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in h()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- } finally {
- lock.unlock();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- final Resource3 rs = new Resource3();
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- rs.f();
- }
- }.start();
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- rs.g();
- }
- }.start();
- rs.h();
- }
- }
- 结果:
- Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:not synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Resource4.java
- package com.zj.lock;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
- public class Resource4 {
- private Lock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
- private Lock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();
- private Lock lock3 = new ReentrantLock();
- public void f() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in f()");
- lock1.lock();
- try {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in f()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- } finally {
- lock1.unlock();
- }
- }
- public void g() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in g()");
- lock2.lock();
- try {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in g()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- } finally {
- lock2.unlock();
- }
- }
- public void h() {
- // other operations should not be locked...
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":not synchronized in h()");
- lock3.lock();
- try {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
- + ":synchronized in h()");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- } finally {
- lock3.unlock();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- final Resource4 rs = new Resource4();
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- rs.f();
- }
- }.start();
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- rs.g();
- }
- }.start();
- rs.h();
- }
- }
- 结果:
- Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:not synchronized in h()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
- Thread-0:synchronized in f()
- main:synchronized in h()
- Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Java:使用synchronized和Lock对象获取对象锁
最新推荐文章于 2023-04-18 10:30:12 发布