python3-4,2

1.作业题

7–5. Userpw2.Py. 下面的问题和例题 7.1 中管理名字-密码的键值对数据的程序有关。

(A)修改那个脚本,使它能记录用户上次的登录日期和时间(用 Time 模块),并与用户密码一起

保存起来。程序的界面有要求用户输入用户名和密码的提示。无论户名是否成功登录,都应有提示,

在户名成功登录后,应更新相应用户的上次登录时间戳。如果本次登录与上次登录在时间上相差不

超过 4 个小时,则通知该用户: “You Already Logged In At: <Last_ Login_Timestamp>.”

(B) 添加一个“管理”菜单,其中有以下两项:(1)删除一个用户 (2)显示系统中所有用户的名

字和他们的密码的清单。

(C) 口令目前没有加密。请添加一段对口令加密的代码(请参考 Crypt, Rotor, 或其它加密模块)

(D) 为程序添加图形界面,例如,用 Tkinter 写。

(E) 要求用户名不区分大小写。

(F) 加强对用户名的限制,不允许符号和空白符。

(G)合并“新用户”和“老用户”两个选项。如果一个新用户试图用一个不存在的用户名登录,

询问该用户是否是新用户,如果回答是肯定的,就创建该帐户。否则,按照老用户的方式登录。\

 

脚本：

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding:utf-8

import getpass

import time

def menu():

while True:

print'''

(A)dd

(L)ogin

(D)elete

(S)how

(E)xit

'''

choice = raw_input("please input your choice:").upper()

if choice == "A":

Adduser()

elif choice == "L":

Loginuser()

elif choice == "S":

Showuser()

elif choice == "D":

Deleteuser()

 

elif choice == "E" :

exit(0)

else :

print"your choice is an error input!"

 

def Adduser():

username = raw_input("please input username:")

password = getpass.getpass("please input passwd:")

if dic.has_key(username):

print("error:%s has exist!")%username

else:

dic[username]=[password,time.time()]

print "add successfully!"

 

def Loginuser():

for i in range(0,3):

username = raw_input("please input your username:")

password = getpass.getpass("please input password:")

if dic.has_key(username) and dic[username][0]==password:

print "login successful!"

if time.time()-dic[username][1]>14400:

print "Last login at:%s"%(time.ctime(dic[username][1]))

else :

print "you already login %s within 4 hours"%(time.ctime(dic[username][1]))

break

else:

print "error:username is not exist or password in wrong!"

print "you have %d chance"%(2-i)

def Showuser():

print "show user:"

for data in dic.items():

print "name:%s\tpass:%s"%(data[0],data[1][0])

 

 

def Deleteuser():

deluser = raw_input("please input delete user:")

if dic.has_key(deluser):

dic.pop(deluser)

print "%s delete success"%deluser

 

dic = {"fentiao":["hello",100.0]}

menu()

1.如何让列表中包含多个信息，即一个key值可以有多个value值：

In [1]: dic = {} //定义一个空的列表

 

In [2]: dic["fentiao"]=123 //给列表中添加值

 

In [3]: dic

Out[3]: {'fentiao': 123}

 

In [4]: dic["westos"]=["hello","world"] //在列表中添加“列表”的value值

 

In [5]: dic

Out[5]: {'fentiao': 123, 'westos': ['hello', 'world']}

 

In [6]: value = ["123","12345"] //定义新的列表

 

In [7]: dic["text"]=value //将新的列表添加在列表中

 

In [8]: dic

Out[8]: {'fentiao': 123, 'text': ['123', '12345'], 'westos': ['hello', 'world']}

 

In [12]: dic.values()[1] //显示列表中的“列表”信息

Out[12]: ['hello', 'world']

 

In [13]: dic.values()[1][0]

Out[13]: 'hello'

 

In [14]: dic.values()[1][1]

Out[14]: 'world'

 

2.定义函数中有无retun的区别

In [18]: def abs(x):

   ....:     if x>0:

   ....:         print x

   ....:     else:

   ....:         print -x

   ....:         

 

In [19]: abs(-10)

10

In [21]: print abs(-10)

10

None //默认返回值为none

 

 

 

In [13]: def abs(x):

   ....:     if x>0:

   ....:         return x

   ....:     else:

   ....:         return -x

   ....:     

 

In [14]: a = abs(-10)

 

In [15]: a

Out[15]: 10

In [17]: print abs(10) //没有none返回值

10

 

n [8]: def f ():

   ...:     a = 1

   ...:     b = 2

   ...:     c = 3

   ...:     return a,b,c //可以返回多个值

   ...:

 

In [9]: f()

Out[9]: (1, 2, 3) //返回多个值默认定义为元组

 

In [10]: d,e,f = f() //返回值可以重新赋给其他变量

 

In [11]: print d,e,f

1 2 3

 

乘方计算：

In [1]: def power(n,x):

   ...:     if isinstance(n,int) and isinstance(x,int):

   ...:         return n**x //乘方表示法

   ...:     

 

In [2]: power (2,3)

Out[2]: 8

 

In [3]: power (3,3)

Out[3]: 27

 

In [4]: def power (x,n=2): //计算二次方

   ...:     return x**n

   ...:

In [9]: def power(n=2,x): //将给定的放在前面会报错

   ...:     return x**n

  File "<ipython-input-9-6ce9109bcf8c>", line 1

    def power(n=2,x):

SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument

 

In [10]: def info(name,age=2,address="xi'an"): //将相对固定的参数放在后面

   ....:     print name,age,address

   ....:     

3.如何结束函数中“end”的无限次循环：

In [9]: def list_end(l=[]):

   ...:     l.append("end")

   ...:     return l

   ...:

 

In [10]: list_end()

Out[10]: ['end']

 

In [11]: list_end()

Out[11]: ['end', 'end']

 

In [12]: list_end()

Out[12]: ['end', 'end', 'end']

 

(2)

In [2]: def list_end(l=[]):

   ...:     l=["123"]

   ...:     l.append("end")

   ...:     return l

   ...:

 

In [3]: list_end()

Out[3]: ['123', 'end']

 

In [4]: list_end()

Out[4]: ['123', 'end']

(2)

In [30]: def list_end(L = None):

   ....:     if L is None :

   ....:         L = []

   ....:         L.append("end")

   ....:         return L

   ....:     

In [32]: list_end()

Out[32]: ['end']

 

In [33]: list_end()

Out[33]: ['end']

 

4.可变长度参数的介绍和使用：

在我们有不定数目的或者额外集合的关键字的情况中, 参数被放入一个字典中,字典中键为参#!/usr/bin/env python

数名,值为相应的参数值。为什么一定要是字典呢?因为为每个参数-参数的名字和参数值--都是成

对给出---用字典来保存这些参数自然就最适合不过了。

(1)元祖可变参数：

累加器：

def add(*args):

        print type(args) //输出类型为元祖

        sum = 0

        for i in args:

                sum = sum + i

        return sum

 

print add(1,2,3,4) //输出结果为10

 

L = [1,2,3,4,5]

print add(*L)

 

'''

L = [1,2,3,4,5]

print add(L[0],L[1],L[2],L[3],L[4])

'''

 

输出最大最小值

def fun(*args):

        for i in args:

                if not isinstance(i,int):

                        print "type is not int"

                else:

                        return max(args),min(args)

print fun(1,2,3554,33,2,35)

print "max=%d,min=%d"%fun(1,44,33,4,522,555,463)

 

输入字符串，并输出最长的字符串：

法1：

#!/usr/bin/env python

def longstr(*args):

        if len(args) == 0:

                return "your have not input any"

 

        strlen = []

        for i in args:

                strlen.append(len(i))

        return args[strlen.index(max(strlen))] //在此之前是测量最长的字符串

li = []

string = raw_input("please input string('.'is over):") //定义变量

while string !='.':

        li.append(string)

        string = raw_input("please input string('.'is over):") //此段是字符串输入的过程

print longstr(*li)

~  

法2：

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding:utf-8

l = []

def longstr(*args):

        for i in args:

                l.append(len(i))

        for i in args:

                if len(i)==max(l):

                        print "the longest string is %s"%i

longstr("djiu","fajpokpdf")

                                                         

5.索引：

In [2]: l = [5,7]

 

In [3]: t = ("hello","fentiao")

 

In [4]: max(l)

Out[4]: 7

 

In [5]: l.index(max(l))

Out[5]: 1

 

In [6]: t[l.index(max(l))]

Out[6]: 'fentiao'

                    

6.可变关键字参数：

 

#!/usr/bin/env python

def info(name,age,**other):

        print name,age,other

dic = {"gender":"male","kind":"company"}

info("westos",7,**dic)

 

6.lambda:相当于c语言中的case:

 

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding:utf-8

from __future__ import division

x = raw_input("please input a number:")

y = raw_input("please input a number:")

c = raw_input("please input a operator:")

dic = {

        "+":lambda x,y:int(x) + int(y),

        "-":lambda x,y:int(x) - int(y),

        "*":lambda x,y:int(x) * int(y),

        "/":lambda x,y:int(x) / int(y)

        }

for i in dic.keys():

        if c == i:

                print dic[i](x,y)

~