if选择结构和while循环及for循环

1 if选择结构：if选择结构是根据条件判断之后再做处理的一种语法结构，语法结构如下：

                        if(条件) {

                                    代码块    //条件成立后要执行的代码，可是一条语句，也可以是一组语句

                       }   

    示例代码如下：    
                   public static void main(String[] args) {

                              Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
                                    int marks= sc.nextInt();

                                    if(marks<=100){

                                          system.out.println("优秀");

                                    }

                    }

 

                 奇偶数判断条件（i%2==0）为偶数否则为奇数。

                 随机数关键词random t=random();

   示例代码如下：

                                             

        public class SUIJISHU {
                   public static void main(String[] args) {
                               Random t=new Random();
                                         int i=t.nextInt(2);
                                   if(i==0){
                                             System.out.println("硬币正面"); 
                                      }else if(i==1){
                                             System.out.println("硬币反面");
                                       } 
                              }

                           }

                  复杂条件：与(&&)、或(||)、非(!)三种；

                  if else选择结构，如果不为真就ELSE
                                             如果为真就执行IF后面的语句
                                            只是分节点的选择, 不可能都执行.

     示例代码如下：
                         public static void main(String[] args) {
                                    Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
                                    int marks= sc.nextInt();
                                         if(marks>75){
                                                 System.out.println("A");
   
                                          }else if(marks<=75&&marks>=60){
                                                  System.out.println("B");
                                          }else if(marks<60&&marks>=45){
                                                   System.out.println("c");
                                          }else if(marks<45){
                                                   System.out.println("D");
                                          }
  
                                  }
                                                    

            多重if结构：  多重if执行时候，就是先执行最外层的if，若符合条件，进入，若不符合就跳出。

                                  进入第一层if后，执行，然后又遇到if，在根据if的条件进行判断，符合 就进入不符合就跳过这个if，然后依次类推，直到都执行完。

       示例代码如下：

                               
                    public static void main(String[] args) {
                                    Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
                                    int i=sc.nextInt();
                              if(i>=60){
                                    if(i<=70){
                                         System.out.println("恭喜"); 
                                    }
                              }else {
                                           System.out.println("你没中奖");
                                       }
 
                       }
                                                     

      循环三要素：  (1)循环变量的初始化。

                             (2)循环的条件（以循环变量为基础）。

                             (3)循环变量的改变（向着循环结束）。

                           

     while循环：

                        当while循环开始后，先判断条件是否满足，如果满足就执行循环体内的语句，

                        执行完毕后再回来判断条件是否满足，如此无限重复；直到条件不满足时，执行while循环后边的语句。

       示例代码如下：

                                             
                  while(i<=10){
                            sum=sum+i;
                                    i++;
                  }

     dowhil循环：

                        先执行一次循环体语句区块，然后再判断布尔表达式的值，若值为false则跳出do-while循环，

                        执行后面的语句；若值为true则再次执行循环  体语句区块。 如此反复，直到布尔表达式的值为false，跳出do-while循环。

                       do-while循环语句与while循环语句的区别仅在于do-while循环中的循环体至少执行一次，  而while循环中的循环体可能一次也不执行。

       示例代码如下： 
                              public static void main(String[] args){
                                        int n=0;
                                        int sum=0;
                                       do{
                                              n++;
                                              sum+=n;
                                       }while(sum<=100);
                                                System.out.println("sum="+sum);
                                                System.out.println("n="+n);
                                      }
                                

     for循环：

for循环中的"初始化"、"条件表达式"和"增量"都是选择项, 即可以缺省, 但";"不能缺省。省略了初始化, 表示不对循环控制变量赋初值。 省略了条件表达式, 则不做其它处理时便成为死循环。省略了增量, 则不对循环控制变量进行操作, 这时可在语句体中加入修改循环控制变量的语句。

        示例代码如下：
                                 public static void main(String[] args) {
                                            double sum=1;
                                            double b=1;
                                       for(int i=2;i<=100;i++){
                                               if(i%2==0){
                                                     sum=sum-b/i;
                                                }else {
                                                      sum=sum+b/i; 
                                                }

                                                        System.out.println(sum);
                                         }