MyEclipse环境下Hibernate入门实例

首先在MyEclipse下创建一个WebProject，项目命名为demo，然后【MyEclipse->project capablities->add hibernate capabilities】，跟着向导操作，最后会生成一个hibernate.cfg.xml和一个HibernateSessionFactory.java文件。在向导中要求填写一些数据库连接的配置信息以及HibernateSessionFactory存放的包，配置信息我们可以参考下面的hibernate.cfg.xml来填写，而HibernateSessionFactory我们放在river.hi.demo这个包里面。

1.HibernateSessionFactory.java

package river.hi.demo;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;

/**
 * Configures and provides access to Hibernate sessions, tied to the
 * current thread of execution.  Follows the Thread Local Session
 * pattern, see {@link http://hibernate.org/42.html }.
 */
public class HibernateSessionFactory {

    /** 
     * Location of hibernate.cfg.xml file.
     * Location should be on the classpath as Hibernate uses  
     * #resourceAsStream style lookup for its configuration file. 
     * The default classpath location of the hibernate config file is 
     * in the default package. Use #setConfigFile() to update 
     * the location of the configuration file for the current session.   
     */
    private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
    private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
    private static ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry; 

    static {
        try {
            configuration.configure();
            serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private HibernateSessionFactory() {
    }

    /**
     * Returns the ThreadLocal Session instance.  Lazy initialize
     * the <code>SessionFactory</code> if needed.
     *
     *  @return Session
     *  @throws HibernateException
     */
    public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();

        if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) {
            if (sessionFactory == null) {
                rebuildSessionFactory();
            }
            session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession()
                    : null;
            threadLocal.set(session);
        }

        return session;
    }

    /**
     *  Rebuild hibernate session factory
     *
     */
    public static void rebuildSessionFactory() {
        try {
            configuration.configure();
            serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     *  Close the single hibernate session instance.
     *
     *  @throws HibernateException
     */
    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
        threadLocal.set(null);

        if (session != null) {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     *  return session factory
     *
     */
    public static org.hibernate.SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }
    /**
     *  return hibernate configuration
     *
     */
    public static Configuration getConfiguration() {
        return configuration;
    }

}

2.hibernate.cfg.xml(在src目录下)

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools.                   -->
<hibernate-configuration>

<session-factory>
    <property name="dialect">
        org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect
    </property>
<!-- 连接字符串 -->
    <property name="connection.url">
    jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;DataBaseName=BankCreditLoanDB
    </property>
    <property name="connection.username">sa</property>
    <property name="connection.password">123456</property>
     <!-- 数据库驱动 -->
     <property name="connection.driver_class">
        com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
     </property>

    <property name="myeclipse.connection.profile">
    </property>
    <!-- 映射文件，是后来添加的，不是想到自动生成的 -->
    <mapping resource="Customer.hbm.xml" />

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3.创建数据库

--创建数据库BankCreditLoanDB
USE master
GO 
CREATE DATABASE BankCreditLoanDB
GO 
use BankCreditLoanDB
go

--创建客户表T_Customer
create table T_Customer(
id int primary key,
customer_id varchar(20) not null,
customer_name varchar(10) not null,
sex varchar(2) not null,
adress varchar(30) not null,
phone varchar(20) not null,
begin_date varchar(10) not null)

--输入表T_Customer记录
insert T_Customer
values (1001,430682199407218888,'沈圳','女','湖南岳阳','13278894597','2014-07-21')
insert T_Customer
values (1002,430682199407219999,'刘超君','男','湖南湘乡','15888889999','2014-07-21')
insert T_Customer
values (1003,430682199407217777,'胡伟','男','湖南永州','15888887777','2014-07-21')

4. *.hbm.xml映射文件

我们知道Hibernate是用户将对象与数据库表进行映射，那么下面编写映射文件：Customer.hbm.xml，从代码中我们可以看到name与column属性，name表示Customer类中的属性，column表示数据库表T_Customer中的字段名称。类中的属性和表中的字段可以不相同，如果相同的话column可以省略。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" 
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
<hibernate-mapping package="com.demo.hibernate.beans">
 -->

<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="entity.Customer" table="T_Customer">
        <id name="id" column="id" >
            <generator class="native" />
        </id>
        <property name="customer_id" />
        <property name="customer_name"/>
        <property name="sex"/>
        <property name="adress"/>
        <property name="phone"/>
        <property name="begin_date"/>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

5.编写持久化类Customer.java，

这里我们不一定要求Customer类中的属性与表T_Customer的字段相同，不过如果相同则可以省去一些步骤，就是前面提到的*.hbm.xml文件中的一些字段可以省略。

package entity;

public class Customer {
    private int id;
    private String customer_id;
    private String customer_name;
    private String sex;
    private String adress;
    private String phone;
    private String begin_date;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getCustomer_id() {
        return customer_id;
    }
    public void setCustomer_id(String customer_id) {
        this.customer_id = customer_id;
    }
    public String getCustomer_name() {
        return customer_name;
    }
    public void setCustomer_name(String customer_name) {
        this.customer_name = customer_name;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public String getAdress() {
        return adress;
    }
    public void setAdress(String adress) {
        this.adress = adress;
    }
    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }
    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }
    public String getBegin_date() {
        return begin_date;
    }
    public void setBegin_date(String begin_date) {
        this.begin_date = begin_date;
    }

}

6.编写DAO类CustomerDAO.java

DAO就是Database Access Objects，数据访问对象的英文缩写。顾名思义对数据库操作的方法都写在这个类中，就比如代码中getCustomer()方法就是需要读取数据库信息。不过hibernate因为通过映射的方法不直接使用SQL语句操纵数据库，而是引入了HQL语言。最明显的一点是：

Query query=session.createQuery(“from Customer where customer_name=?”);

这里from Customer中的Customer是指Customer类而不是Customer表，HQL直接对对象操作。

package river.hi.demo;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import entity.Customer;

public class CustomerDAO {

    public Customer getCustomer(String customerName) throws HibernateException{
        Session session=null;
        Transaction tx=null;
        Customer c=null;
        try
        {
            session=HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
            tx=session.beginTransaction();
            Query query=session.createQuery("from Customer where customer_name=?");
            query.setString(0, customerName.trim());


            c=(Customer)query.uniqueResult();
            query=null;
            //session.save(user);
            tx.commit();
            //session.close();
        }
        catch(HibernateException e)
        {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return c;
    }

}

7.测试

通过客户姓名查询客户地址：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ page import="river.hi.demo.*" %>
<%@ page import="entity.*" %>

<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">

    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->
  </head>

  <body>
        <% 

        Customer c = new CustomerDAO().getCustomer("刘超君");
        out.println(c.getAdress());

        %>
  </body>
</html>