十、排序(下）：Sort with Swap(0, i) 做到不超时

题目描述

Given any permutation of the numbers {0, 1, 2,…, N−1}, it is easy to sort them in increasing order. But what if Swap(0, *) is the ONLY operation that is allowed to use? For example, to sort {4, 0, 2, 1, 3} we may apply the swap operations in the following way:

Swap(0, 1) => {
   4, 1, 2, 0, 3}
Swap(0, 3) => {
   4, 1, 2, 3, 0}
Swap(0, 4) => {
   0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

Now you are asked to find the minimum number of swaps need to sort the given permutation of the first N nonnegative integers.

Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case, which gives a positive N (≤10^​5​​ ) followed by a permutation sequence of {0, 1, …, N−1}. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:
For each case, simply print in a line the minimum number of swaps need to sort the given permutation.

Sample Input:

10
3 5 7 2 6 4 9 0