leetcode - 636. Exclusive Time of Functions

Description

On a single-threaded CPU, we execute a program containing n functions. Each function has a unique ID between 0 and n-1.

Function calls are stored in a call stack: when a function call starts, its ID is pushed onto the stack, and when a function call ends, its ID is popped off the stack. The function whose ID is at the top of the stack is the current function being executed. Each time a function starts or ends, we write a log with the ID, whether it started or ended, and the timestamp.

You are given a list logs, where logs[i] represents the ith log message formatted as a string “{function_id}:{“start” | “end”}:{timestamp}”. For example, “0:start:3” means a function call with function ID 0 started at the beginning of timestamp 3, and “1🔚2” means a function call with function ID 1 ended at the end of timestamp 2. Note that a function can be called multiple times, possibly recursively.

A function’s exclusive time is the sum of execution times for all function calls in the program. For example, if a function is called twice, one call executing for 2 time units and another call executing for 1 time unit, the exclusive time is 2 + 1 = 3.

Return the exclusive time of each function in an array, where the value at the ith index represents the exclusive time for the function with ID i.

Example 1:

Input: n = 2, logs = ["0:start:0","1:start:2","1:end:5","0:end:6"]
Output: [3,4]
Explanation:
Function 0 starts at the beginning of time 0, then it executes 2 for units of time and reaches the end of time 1.
Function 1 starts at the beginning of time 2, executes for 4 units of time, and ends at the end of time 5.
Function 0 resumes execution at the beginning of time 6 and executes for 1 unit of time.
So function 0 spends 2 + 1 = 3 units of total time executing, and function 1 spends 4 units of total time executing.

Example 2:

Input: n = 1, logs = ["0:start:0","0:start:2","0:end:5","0:start:6","0:end:6","0:end:7"]
Output: [8]
Explanation:
Function 0 starts at the beginning of time 0, executes for 2 units of time, and recursively calls itself.
Function 0 (recursive call) starts at the beginning of time 2 and executes for 4 units of time.
Function 0 (initial call) resumes execution then immediately calls itself again.
Function 0 (2nd recursive call) starts at the beginning of time 6 and executes for 1 unit of time.
Function 0 (initial call) resumes execution at the beginning of time 7 and executes for 1 unit of time.
So function 0 spends 2 + 4 + 1 + 1 = 8 units of total time executing.

Example 3:

Input: n = 2, logs = ["0:start:0","0:start:2","0:end:5","1:start:6","1:end:6","0:end:7"]
Output: [7,1]
Explanation:
Function 0 starts at the beginning of time 0, executes for 2 units of time, and recursively calls itself.
Function 0 (recursive call) starts at the beginning of time 2 and executes for 4 units of time.
Function 0 (initial call) resumes execution then immediately calls function 1.
Function 1 starts at the beginning of time 6, executes 1 unit of time, and ends at the end of time 6.
Function 0 resumes execution at the beginning of time 6 and executes for 2 units of time.
So function 0 spends 2 + 4 + 1 = 7 units of total time executing, and function 1 spends 1 unit of total time executing.

Constraints:

1 <= n <= 100
1 <= logs.length <= 500
0 <= function_id < n
0 <= timestamp <= 10^9
No two start events will happen at the same timestamp.
No two end events will happen at the same timestamp.
Each function has an "end" log for each "start" log.

Solution

Solved after help…

Stack: deduct the execution time of inner functions

Use a stack, when the stack is empty, push the current thread into stack. Otherwise, if the current thread is a start, then add the execute time into the previous thread (previous thread was executed before current thread). If the current thread is an end, that means the top element in the stack is start, add the time of executing. And pop the top element. If the stack is not empty, then change the start time of the top element, to be time + 1.

Time complexity: $o(n)$
Space complexity: $o(n)$

Stack: stack every function

This is an intuitive way: if we have a start, then add the execution time for the previous one, and put it into stack. If we have an end, then the top element in the stack must match this log, so add the execution time, and pop the element. Now the previous start time would be end_time + 1.

Time complexity: $o(n)$
Space complexity: $o(n)$

Code

Stack: deduct the execution time of inner functions

class Solution:
    def exclusiveTime(self, n: int, logs: List[str]) -> List[int]:
        # [[task_id, start_time]]
        task_exec_stack = []
        task_exec = {}
        for each_log in logs:
            task_id, log_type, log_time = each_log.split(':')
            log_time = int(log_time)
            if log_type == 'start':
                if task_exec_stack:
                    prev_task_id, prev_task_start = task_exec_stack[-1]
                    task_exec[prev_task_id] = task_exec.get(prev_task_id, 0) + log_time - prev_task_start
                task_exec_stack.append([task_id, log_time])
            else:
                _, task_start = task_exec_stack.pop()
                task_exec[task_id] = task_exec.get(task_id, 0) + log_time - task_start + 1
                if task_exec_stack:
                    task_exec_stack[-1][1] = log_time + 1
        return list(task_exec[str(task_id)] for task_id in range(n))

Stack: stack every function

class Solution:
    def exclusiveTime(self, n: int, logs: List[str]) -> List[int]:
        task_stack = []
        res = [0] * n
        prev_start = 0
        for each_log in logs:
            task_id, log_type, log_time = each_log.split(':')
            task_id, log_time = int(task_id), int(log_time)
            if log_type == 'start':
                if task_stack:
                    res[task_stack[-1]] += log_time - prev_start
                prev_start = log_time
                task_stack.append(task_id)
            else:
                res[task_stack.pop()] += log_time - prev_start + 1
                prev_start = log_time + 1
        return res