java开发过程中为了找问题方便或是统计信息方便,总免不了要打各种日志。之前的各个项目都是配置好的,maven配置的时候,会看到各种类型的Log包:slf4j、log4j、commons-log、logback等等,看着就烦,今天仔细了解了一下,有点收获,记录一下
起因
使用JAVA的kafka api写main方法进行开发测试,发现总报错
1 2 3 | log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties). log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info. |
解决过程
第一直觉是缺少log4j的配置。好办,classpath下加入log4j.properties(log4j默认应该是直接找classpath下的这个文件,当然,可以直接指定加载哪个文件),OK,不报错了
刚好最近的一个项目使用的是logback,而且网上也查了,logback性能要优于log4j(没有做过测试,先盲目从众吧),就想直接引入logback。
POM中加入logback的依赖
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> |
启动,报错
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties). log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info. SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/C:/Users/zhaohuayu/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-log4j12/1.6.1/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/C:/Users/zhaohuayu/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.1.2/logback-classic-1.1.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory] |
哦,Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings。
原来slf4j提供的是一个抽象的接口,实现可以是log4j、logback等,但是,运行时候只能有一个接口实现类。之前引入的kafka包,已经包含了对log4j的依赖,我又引入logback的包,冲突了
好办,去掉对Log4j的依赖
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId> <artifactId>kafka_2.10</artifactId> <version>0.8.2.0</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> |
这下总OK了吧,运行:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/Logger at kafka.utils.Logging$class.logger(Logging.scala:24) at kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties.logger$lzycompute(VerifiableProperties.scala:26) at kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties.logger(VerifiableProperties.scala:26) at kafka.utils.Logging$class.info(Logging.scala:67) at kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties.info(VerifiableProperties.scala:26) at kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties.verify(VerifiableProperties.scala:217) at kafka.producer.ProducerConfig.<init>(ProducerConfig.scala:57) at KafkaProducer.getClient(KafkaProducer.java:26) at KafkaProducer.sendMsg(KafkaProducer.java:35) at KafkaProducer.main(KafkaProducer.java:41) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:140) |
what?
kafka.utils.Logging里包含了对log4j类的引用……
1 2 3 4 | package kafka.utils;
import kafka.utils.Log4jController.; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; |
怎么办?难道使用kafka的项目必须使用log4j?
总有解决方案,
1 2 3 4 5 | <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>1.7.7</version> </dependency> |
再次运行,OK,日志正常打印了
总结
1、slf4j提供各种抽象接口,日志应该基于slf4j的API进行日志打印,这样无论迁移到那个项目,只需要配一个实现类log4j or logback,都能正常打印日志
2、slf4j的实现类不能有多个,不然冲突
3、如果项目中有直接引用log4j的,可以加入log4j-over-slf4j,把旧的日志log4j适配到slf4j,这时候,再使用logback就可以了。
分享一个博客中解决各个项目模块中,各种日志杂乱的方案
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.logging</groupId> <artifactId>jboss-logging</artifactId> <version>3.1.4.GA</version> </dependency> |
当然,前提是需要把各个项目中依赖的log实现exclusion掉