shell编程 ---- 数组

1.数组定义方法

方法1：

[root@localhost ~]# array=(1 2 3)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
1 2 3

方法2：

[root@localhost ~]# array=([1]=one [2]=two [3]=three)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one two three

方法3：

[root@localhost ~]# array[0]=a
[root@localhost ~]# array[1]=b
[root@localhost ~]# array[2]=c
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[1]}
b

方法4：动态定义数组变量，并使用命令的输出结果作为数组的内容

[root@localhost Desktop]# array=($(ls /mnt))
[root@localhost Desktop]# echo ${array[*]}
harry.sql mysqldump natasha.sql tom.sql

 

2.数组的打印和输出

1）打印数组元素

[root@localhost ~]# array=(one two three)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[0]}
one
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[1]}
two
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one two three
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]}
one two three

2）打印元素个数

[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#array[*]}
3
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#array[@]}
3

3）数组的赋值
注意：如果下标不存在，则自动添加一个新的元素，如果存在，则覆盖原来的值

[root@localhost Desktop]# array[4]=four
[root@localhost Desktop]# echo ${array[*]}
a b c three four
[root@localhost Desktop]# array[2]=five
[root@localhost Desktop]# echo ${array[*]}
a b five three four

4）数组的删除

[root@localhost Desktop]# unset array[1]
[root@localhost Desktop]# echo ${array[*]}
1 3 1 1
[root@localhost Desktop]# unset array
[root@localhost Desktop]# echo ${array[*]}

5）数组内容截取和替换

[root@localhost ~]# array=($(echo {a..z}))
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]}
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]:1:3}
b c d

替换

[root@localhost ~]# array=(1 2 3 1 1)
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]/1/b}
b 2 3 b b

 

 

练习1：循环输出数组元素

#!/bin/bash
#循环输出数组元素

array=(1 2 3 4 5)

for ((i=0;i<${#array[*]};i++))
do
    echo ${array[i]}
done

脚本执行结果如下：

 

练习2：利用for循环打印下面这句话中字母个数不大于6的单词

I am westos teacher welcom to westos training class

vim 01.sh
#!/bin/bash
array=( I am a westos teacher welcome  to westos training class )
for ((i=0;i<${#array[*]};i++))
do
    if [ ${#array[i]} -le 6 ];then
      echo "${array[i]}"
    fi
done

脚本执行结果如下：