Objective C 享元模式

 享元模式(Flyweight)，运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

  享元模式可以避免大量非常相似类的开销。在程序设计中，有时需要生成大量细粒度的类实例来表示数据。如果能发现这些实例除了几个参数外基本上都是相同的，有时就能够受大幅度地减少需要实例化的类数量。如果能把那些参数移到类实例的外面，在方法调用时将它们传递进来，就可以通过共享大幅度地减少单个实例的数目。

  下面先给出类结构图。

   从图中可以看出，Flyweight执行时所需的状态可能有内部的也可能有外部的，内部状态存储于ConcreteFlyweight对象之中，而外部对象则应该考虑由客户端对象存储或计算，当调用Flyweight对象的操作时，将该状态传递给它。

   那么，一般什么情况下使用享元模式呢？如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销时就应该考虑使用；还有就是对象的大多数状态可以作为外部状态，如果删除对象的外部状态，那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象，此时可以考虑使用享元模式。不过，享元模式也是有缺陷的，使用享元模式需要维护一个记录了系统已有的所有享元的列表，而这本身需要耗费资源，另外享元模式使得系统更加复杂。为了使对象可以共享，需要将一些状态外部化，这使得程序的逻辑复杂化。因此，应当在有足够多的对象实例可供共享时才值得使用享元模式。

   好的，下面给出简单的代码实现。

• Flyweight类接口

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>                   @interface Flyweight: NSObject -( void )Operation:( int )extrinsicestate; @end

• Flyweight类实现

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#import "Flyweight.h"                  @implementation Flyweight -( void )Operation:( int )extrinsicestate{      return ; } @end

• ConcreteFlyweight类接口

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#import "Flyweight.h"                @interface ConcreteFlyweight :Flyweight @end

• ConcreteFlyweight类实现

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#import "ConcreteFlyweight.h"              @implementation ConcreteFlyweight -( void )Operation:( int )extrinsicestate{      NSLog (@ "具体Flyweight:%d" , extrinsicestate); } @end

• UnshareConcreteFlyweight类接口

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#import "Flyweight.h"            @interface UnshareConcreteFlyweight:Flyweight @end

• UnshareConcreteFlyweight类实现

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#import "UnshareConcreteFlyweight.h"           @implementation UnshareConcreteFlyweight -( void )Operation:( int )extrinsicestate{      NSLog (@ "不共享的具体Flyweight:%d" , extrinsicestate); } @end

• FlyweightFactory类接口

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>         @class Flyweight; @class ConcreteFlyweight; @interface FlyweightFactory : NSObject {      NSMutableDictionary *nd; } -(Flyweight*)GetFlyweight:( NSString *)key; @end

• FlyweightFactory类实现

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#import "FlyweightFactory.h" #import "ConcreteFlyweight.h"       @implementation FlyweightFactory -( id )init{     if ( self == [ super init]) {          nd= [ NSMutableDictionary dictionary];          [nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@ "X" ];          [nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@ "Y" ];          [nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@ "Z" ];      }     return self ; } -(Flyweight*)GetFlyweight:( NSString *)key{      return [nd objectForKey:key]; } @end

• Main方法调用

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "Flyweight.h" #import "FlyweightFactory.h" #import "UnshareConcreteFlyweight.h"     int main ( int argc, const char * argv[]) {      @autoreleasepool {          int extrinsicstate =22;          FlyweightFactory *f = [[FlyweightFactory alloc]init];          Flyweight *fx = [f GetFlyweight:@ "X" ];          [fx Operation:--extrinsicstate];          Flyweight *fy = [f GetFlyweight:@ "Y" ];          [fy Operation:--extrinsicstate];          Flyweight *fz = [f GetFlyweight:@ "Z" ];          [fz Operation:--extrinsicstate];          Flyweight *uf = [[UnshareConcreteFlyweight alloc]init];          [uf Operation:--extrinsicstate];      }      return 0; }