Objective C 组合模式

 组合模式(Composite)，将对象组合成树形结构以表示‘部分－整体’的层次结构。组合模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。

   组合模式的适用场合是，一般当你发现需求中是体现部分与整体层次的结构时，以及你希望用户可以忽略组合对象与单个对象的不同，统一地使用组合结构中地所有对象时，就应该考虑使用组    合模式了。组合模式定义了基本对象和组合对象的类层次结构。基本对象可以被组合成更复杂的组合对象，而这个组合对象又可以被组合，这样不断地递归下去，这样，在客户代码中，任何使用到基本对象的地方都可以使用组合对象了。说了这么多，其实，组合模式就是让客户可以一致地使用组合结构和单个对象。那么，下面还是给出类结构图，想必大家一看就明白了。

   上图中类之间的关系基本可以类比为一棵树的关系。有根(Component)、有枝节点(Composite)、有叶子节点(Leaf)。逻辑很清晰，结构也比较简单。其实相当于叶子节点(Leaf)和枝节点(Composite)都继承自根节点(Component)。好的，下面给出简单的代码实现。

• ComComponents类接口                                //对应图中的Component

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>                  @interface ComComponents: NSObject {      NSString *name; } -(ComComponents*)MyInit:( NSString *)myName; -( void )Add:(ComComponents*)c; -( void )Remove:(ComComponents*)c; -( void )Display:( int )depth; @end

• ComComponents类实现

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#import "ComComponents.h"                @implementation ComComponents                -(ComComponents*)MyInit:( NSString *)myName{      name = myName;      return self ; } -( void )Add:(ComComponents *)c{      return ; } -( void )Remove:(ComComponents *)c{      return ; } -( void )Display:( int )depth{      return ; }                @end

• Leaf类接口

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#import "ComComponents.h"              @interface Leaf:ComComponents -(Leaf*)MyInit:( NSString *)myName; @end

• Leaf类实现

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#import "Leaf.h"            @implementation Leaf            -(Leaf*)MyInit:( NSString *)myName{      name = myName;      return self ; } -( void )Add:(ComComponents *)c{      NSLog (@ "Cannot add to a leaf" ); } -( void )Remove:(ComComponents *)c{      NSLog (@ "Cannot remove from a leaf" ); } -( void )Display:( int )depth{      NSLog (@ "[%dLevel]%@" , depth,name); }            @end

• Composite类接口

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#import "ComComponents.h"          @interface Composite :ComComponents{      NSMutableArray *children; } -(Composite*)MyInit:( NSString *)myName; @end

• Composite类实现

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#import "Composite.h"        @implementation Composite        -(Composite*)MyInit:( NSString *)myName{      name = myName;      children= [ NSMutableArray new ];      return self ; } -( void )Add:(ComComponents *)c{      [children addObject:c]; } -( void )Remove:(ComComponents *)c{      [children addObject:c]; } -( void )Display:( int )depth{      NSLog (@ "[%dLevel]%@" , depth,name);      for (ComComponents *component in children)          [component Display:depth +1]; }        @end

• Main方法调用

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "Leaf.h" #import "Composite.h"      int main ( int argc, const char *argv[]) {     @autoreleasepool {          Composite *root = [[Composite alloc]MyInit:@ "root" ];          [root Add:[[Leaf alloc]MyInit:@ "Leaf A" ]];          [root Add:[[Leaf alloc]MyInit:@ "Leaf B" ]];          Composite *comp = [[Composite alloc]MyInit:@ "Composite X" ];          [comp Add:[[Leaf alloc]MyInit:@ "Leaf XA" ]];          [comp Add:[[Leaf alloc]MyInit:@ "Leaf XB" ]];          [root Add:comp];          Composite *comp2 = [[Composite alloc]MyInit:@ "Composite XY" ];          [comp2 Add:[[Leaf alloc]MyInit:@ "Leaf XYA" ]];          [comp2 Add:[[Leaf alloc]MyInit:@ "Leaf XYB" ]];          [comp Add:comp2];                 [root Add:[[Leaf alloc]MyInit:@ "Leaf C" ]];          Leaf *leaf = [[Leaf alloc]MyInit:@ "Leaf D" ];          [root Add:leaf];          [root Remove:leaf];          [root Display:1];      }     return 0; }