CentOS 7安装MySQL 5.7 community

安装mysql的yum源

到mysql官方yum源下载rpm安装文件，

shell> wget  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm

之后安装该yum源的rpm

shell> sudo rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm

选择安装版本

查看下yum源里的mysql版本，注意默认是安装最新版本的

[chen@dbserver ~]$ yum repolist all | grep mysql

注意当前待安装的版本是最后一栏显示enabled:的版本，默认是8.0版本。需要修改版本的话通过yum-config-manager修改

[chen@dbserver ~]$ sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
[chen@dbserver ~]$ sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

如上面命令，关闭8.0版本，打开5.7版本，在检查下，发现mysql57-community已经是enabled:状态。

[chen@dbserver ~]$  yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  95
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       84
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 327

安装mysql

接下来直接用yum安装

[chen@dbserver ~]$ sudo yum install mysql-community-server

系统会选择安装刚才选择的版本进行安装，包括server、client、libs和common。

Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/5): mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                            | 274 kB  00:00:00     
(2/5): mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                              | 2.2 MB  00:00:04     
(3/5): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                       | 2.0 MB  00:00:01     
(4/5): mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                            |  24 MB  00:00:13     
(5/5): mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                            | 165 MB  00:00:18     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                   7.7 MB/s | 194 MB  00:00:25  

启动mysql服务

在centos 7 版本中使用 systemctl工具管理服务，

• 启动

[chen@dbserver ~]$ sudo systemctl start mysqld.service

• 查看状态

[chen@dbserver ~]$ sudo systemctl status mysqld.service

• 停止

[chen@dbserver ~]$ sudo systemctl status mysqld.service

• 设为开机启动

[chen@dbserver ~]$ sudo systemctl enable mysqld.service

修改密码

查看系统安装时为root生成的默认密码

[chen@dbserver ~]$ sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-03-22T08:29:48.021611Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5lQwE4zk&9wg

用临时密码登录后修改密码

[chen@dbserver ~]$ mysql -u root -p
[chen@dbserver ~]$  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

修改密码策略

如果提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，说明密码过于简单无法修改，必须要修改密码策略。主要是修改强度和长度要求。

• 输入语句 “ SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘validate_password%’; ” 进行查看，

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; 
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

• 设置密码的验证强度等级为LOW

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; 
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                        | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF   |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |       |
| validate_password_length             | 8     |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1     |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1     |
| validate_password_policy             | LOW   |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1     |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

• 设置密码长度要求

mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; 
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                        | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF   |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |       |
| validate_password_length             | 4     |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1     |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1     |
| validate_password_policy             | LOW   |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1     |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

现在可以修改简单密码了。

    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '1234';

密码参数说明

1. validate_password_length 固定密码的总长度；
2. validate_password_dictionary_file 指定密码验证的文件路径；
3. validate_password_mixed_case_count 整个密码中至少要包含大/小写字母的总个数；
4. validate_password_number_count 整个密码中至少要包含阿拉伯数字的个数；
5. validate_password_policy 指定密码的强度验证等级，默认为 MEDIUM；
   关于 validate_password_policy 的取值：
   0/LOW：只验证长度；
   1/MEDIUM：验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符；
   2/STRONG：验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符、字典文件；
6. validate_password_special_char_count 整个密码中至少要包含特殊字符的个数；

允许远程连接

root用户默认不能从远程ip连接，否则报错:1130-host XXX. is not allowed to connect to this MySql server。需要修改用户表或授权

• 方法1： 修改user表

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
mysql >FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 

• 方法2： 授权法
  例如，你想root使用mypassword从任何主机连接到mysql服务器的话。

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION; 
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 

PS: 别忘记最后的FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 刷新先前的修改。