英语句子翻译技巧

五种基本句型结构

1主+系+表【S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)(系动词）+ P（表）】

 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:

1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;

2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;

3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;

如：Our English teacher is thirty years old.

 The cake tastes delicious.

 We feel used to living in big cities.

 巩固练习1：

1．冬季白天短，夜晚长

2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

3．孩子们很少保持安静。

巩固练习答案1：

1．In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.

2．At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.

3．Children seldom keep quiet.

 

2主+谓【S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）】

 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。

如：The sun rises.   Tom has already left.

主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。

如：1. The red sun rises in the east.

 2. So they had to travel by air or boat.

 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.

 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.

巩固练习2：

1．她昨天回家很晚。

2．会议将持续两个小时。

3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大。

巩固练习答案2：

1. She went home very late yesterday evening.

2. The meeting will last two hours.

3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.

 

3主+谓+宾【S (主）+ Vt（及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）】

 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。

如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall.

 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.

 3. They haven’t decided where to go next.

 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.

 巩固练习3：

1．昨晚我写了一封信。

2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3．这本书他读过多次了。

巩固练习答案3：

1. I wrote a letter last night.

2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.

3. He has read this book many times.

 

4 主+谓+双宾语【S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾）】

 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。

如：He brings me cookies every day.

但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。

如：He brings cookies to me every day.

    She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。

常跟双宾语的动词有&