案例:创键两张表:
员工表与职位表,员工表中的depId字段,外键为职位表的id字段
CREATE TABLE `tbl_emp` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`deptId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ,
KEY `fk_dept_id`(`deptId`)
)ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8;
CREATE TABLE `tbl_dept` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`deptName` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`locAdd` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8;
INSERT INTO tbl_dept(deptName,locAdd) VALUES('RD', 11);
INSERT INTO tbl_dept(deptName,locAdd) VALUES('HR', 12);
INSERT INTO tbl_dept(deptName,locAdd) VALUES('MK', 13);
INSERT INTO tbl_dept(deptName,locAdd) VALUES('MIS', 14);
INSERT INTO tbl_dept(deptName,locAdd) VALUES('FD', 15);
INSERT INTO tbl_emp(NAME, deptId) VALUES('z3', 1);
INSERT INTO tbl_emp(NAME, deptId) VALUES('z4', 1);
INSERT INTO tbl_emp(NAME, deptId) VALUES('z5', 1);
INSERT INTO tbl_emp(NAME, deptId) VALUES('w5', 2);
INSERT INTO tbl_emp(NAME, deptId) VALUES('w6', 2);
INSERT INTO tbl_emp(NAME, deptId) VALUES('s7', 3);
INSERT INTO tbl_emp(NAME, deptId) VALUES('s8', 4);
INSERT INTO tbl_emp(NAME, deptId) VALUES('s9', 51);
select * from tbl_dept;
select * from tbl_emp;
第一种:A与B的交集 ,采用inner join
select * from tbl_emp a inner join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id;
可以看出并没有查到:deptId为51的数据,只查两表的公共部分。
第二种:查询全A,采用left join
select * from tbl_emp a left join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id;
若A中有数据,B中无数据,B的字段用NULL补齐。
第三种:查询全B,采用right join
select * from tbl_emp a right join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id;
若B中有数据,A中无数据,B的字段用NULL补齐。
第四种:查询A不交于B的部分 ,使用 where b.id is null;
select * from tbl_emp a left join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id where b.id is null;
第五种:查询B不交于A的部分 ,使用 where a.deptId is null;
select * from tbl_emp a right join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id where a.deptId is null;
第六种:查询A与B的并集,使用 union(自动排重)
select * from tbl_emp a left join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id
-> union
-> select * from tbl_emp a right join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id;
第六种:查询A与B的非交部分,使用 union(自动排重)
select * from tbl_emp a left join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id where b.id is null
-> union
-> select * from tbl_emp a right join tbl_dept b on a.deptId=b.id where a.deptId is null;