进程管理

1.getpid()获得调用进程的ID
pid_t getpid (void);
2.getppid()获得调用进程的父ID
pid_t getppid (void);
3.exec()启动进程
int execl (const char *path, const char *arg, ...);
int execlp (const char *file, const char *arg, ...);
int execle (const char *path, const char *arg, ..., char * const envp[]);
int execv (const char *path, char *const argv[]);
int execvp (const char *file, char *const argv[]);
int execve (const char *filename, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
4.fork()克隆进程
pid_t fork (void);
5.vfork()
pid_t vfork (void);
6.exit()终止进程
void exit (int status);
7.atexit()注册进程终止前调用的函数
int atexit (void (*function)(void));
8.wait()等待进程终止，返回进程信息
pid_t wait (int *status);
9.waitpid()等待特定子进程
pid_t waitpid (pid_t pid, int *status, int options);
10.waitid()等待特定子进程
int waitid (idtype_t idtype, id_t id, siginfo_t *infop, int options);
11.system()创建并等待一个新进程
int system (const char *command);
12.改变实际用户ID/组ID和保存设置的用户ID/组ID
int setuid (uid_t uid);
int setgid (gid_t gid);
13.改变有效用户ID/组ID
int seteuid (uid_t euid);
int setegid (gid_t egid);
14.获取实际用户ID/组ID
uid_t getuid (void);
gid_t getgid (void);
15.获取有效用户ID/组ID
uid_t geteuid (void);
gid_t getegid (void);
16.setsid()创建新的会话
pid_t setsid (void);
17.getsid()获取会话ID
pid_t getsid (pid_t pid);
18.daemon()创建守护进程
int daemon (int nochdir, int noclose);