名词性短语和名词性从句

一、名词(短语)能做什么成分 可以做主语、宾语、表语和同位语。也能做定语。

同位语：
用一个名词做另一个名词的同位语时，前后要用逗号或破折号隔开

English is playing a key role in our communicating with others.
同位语：
English,a worldwide language,is playing a key role in our communicating with others.

二、什么是名词性从句 四类： 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句按照从句的类型来划分，一共分成三类：
1)that:从句是陈述句。that不充当成分，也没有实义。宾语从句的that可省略。
2)whether/if:从句是一般疑问句。whether/if 不充当成分，意思为“是否”。
只有whether可以引导所有的名词性从句，而 if 只能引导宾语从句
3)特殊疑问词：从句是特殊疑问句。
 常见连接副词：when,where,why,how;
 常见连接代词：who,whom,what,which,whose;
所有的从句包括定语从句、状语从句，都应该是陈述句语序：
“引导词+主语+谓语”

三、名词性从句的应用

(1)主语从句

That reading is to purify our minds is beyond dispute.
头重脚轻 -> it做形式主语
It is beyond dispute that reading is to purify our minds.

主语从句的满分表达，it 做形式主语
It is common knowledge that… …是一个常识
It is my belief that … = I think that… 我认为……
It is self-evident that… ……是显而易见的。
It has been found that…… 人们已经发现……
It is beyond dispute that… ……是毋庸置疑的。
It is universally acknowledged that… 人们普遍认为/总所周知……
It has been widely accepted that… 人们普遍认为/总所周知……
It is generally agreed that…    人们普遍认为/总所周知……

从句、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）做主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语放在句尾。
(2)同位语从句
英文中，一个名词或从句是同位语时，应该放在它所要解释说明的名词之后。名词（短语）+引导词+从句
eg:
中国的小学教育是否应该引入英语这个问题已经引起了广泛的讨论。
(可以注意到翻译时，问题放在最前面)
The question whether English should be introduced into Chinese primary schools has caused wide discussion.

同位语满分表达句型：
The evidence/truth that… manifests/indicates/suggests that…

分析原因的万能句型，阅卷老师看到除了感动，只能流眼泪。

eg:
Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
翻译：
政府应该以牺牲技术为代价增加对纯科学的投入，还是以牺牲纯科学为代价增加对技术的投入，这取决于哪一个问题被视为驱动力。

or vice versa 或者相反
and vice versa 反之亦然