(1)编写 C++ 程序,完成如下输入请求和输出。
- cin 以空格或回车停止读取,所以在遇到带有空格的字符串输入时一般使用 get 或 getline 函数。
- cin.getline(str, n) 读取一行字符,以回车结束并丢弃换行符;cin.get(str, n) 读取一行字符,以回车结束并保留换行符。因此,如果使用后者连续读取输入,则中途需使用 cin.get() 来清除上一次输入的换行符。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// 存放名,长度为20字节
cout << "What is your first name? ";
char fname[20];
cin.get(fname, 20);
// 接收回车符
cin.get();
// 存放姓,长度为10字节
cout << "What is your second name? ";
char sname[10];
cin.get(sname, 10);
// 存放grade,长度为1字节
cout << "What letter grade do you deserve? ";
char ch;
cin >> ch;
// 存放age,长度为4字节
cout << "What is your age? ";
int age;
cin >> age;
// 输出个人信息
cout << "Name: " << sname << ", " << fname << endl;
cout << "Grade: " << char(ch + 1) << endl;
cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
return 0;
}
(2)使用 string 类替换上题的字符数组实现同样的功能。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// 存放名
cout << "What is your first name? ";
string fname;
getline(cin, fname);
// 存放姓
cout << "What is your second name? ";
string sname;
getline(cin, sname);
// 存放grade,长度为1字节
cout << "What letter grade do you deserve? ";
char ch;
cin >> ch;
// 存放age,长度为4字节
cout << "What is your age? ";
int age;
cin >> age;
// 输出个人信息
cout << "Name: " << sname << ", " << fname << endl;
cout << "Grade: " << char(ch + 1) << endl;
cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
return 0;
}
(3)编写 C++ 程序,要求用户首先输入其名,再输入其姓,然后显示。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// 存放名,长度为 20 字节
cout << "What is your first name? ";
char fname[20];
cin.get(fname, 20);
cin.get();
// 存放姓,长度为 10 字节
cout << "What is your second name? ";
char sname[10];
cin.get(sname, 10);
// 存放姓名
char name[40];
// 一次复制两次拼接
strcpy(name, sname);
strcat(name, ", ");
strcat(name, fname);
cout << "Here's the information in a single string: " << name << endl;
return 0;
}
(4)使用 string 类替换上题的字符数组实现同样的功能。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// 存放名
cout << "What is your first name? ";
string fname;
getline(cin, fname);
// 存放姓
cout << "What is your second name? ";
string sname;
getline(cin, sname);
// 拼接姓名
string name = sname + ", " + fname;
cout << "Here's the information in a single string: " << name << endl;
return 0;
}
(5)结构体 CandyBar 包含 3 个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌,第二个陈冠存储糖块的重量(小数),第三个糖块存储糖块的卡路里含量(整数)。编写 C++ 程序,将其成员分别初始化为 “Mocha Munch”、2.3 和 350,然后显示。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar
{
string brand;
float weight;
int calorie;
};
int main()
{
// 创建 CandyBar 变量并初始化
CandyBar snack = { "Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350 };
// 显示
cout << "The brand of snack: " << snack.brand << endl;
cout << "The weight of snack: " << snack.weight << endl;
cout << "The calorie of snack: " << snack.calorie << endl;
return 0;
}
(6)根据上题,创建 3 个 CandyBar 变量,其初始值根据用户输入而定,然后显示。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar
{
string brand;
float weight;
int calorie;
};
int main()
{
// 创建三个 CandyBar 变量
CandyBar snacks[3];
// 输入
cout << "Please input the information of first snack: " << endl;
cout << "brand: ";
cin >> snacks[0].brand;
cout << "weight: ";
cin >> snacks[0].weight;
cout << "calorie: ";
cin >> snacks[0].calorie;
cout << "Please input the information of second snack: " << endl;
cout << "brand: ";
cin >> snacks[1].brand;
cout << "weight: ";
cin >> snacks[1].weight;
cout << "calorie: ";
cin >> snacks[1].calorie;
cout << "Please input the information of third snack: " << endl;
cout << "brand: ";
cin >> snacks[2].brand;
cout << "weight: ";
cin >> snacks[2].weight;
cout << "calorie: ";
cin >> snacks[2].calorie;
// 显示
cout << "The first candy: " << snacks[0].brand << " "
<< snacks[0].weight << " " << snacks[0].calorie << endl;
cout << "The second candy: " << snacks[1].brand << " "
<< snacks[1].weight << " " << snacks[1].calorie << endl;
cout << "The third candy: " << snacks[2].brand << " "
<< snacks[2].weight << " " << snacks[2].calorie << endl;
return 0;
}
(7)设计结构体,包含披萨公司名称、披萨饼的直径和披萨饼的重量三种成员。然后要求用户输入变量信息,并输出。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Pizza
{
string company;
float diameter;
float weight;
};
int main()
{
// 初始化变量并输入
Pizza p;
cout << "Please input the information of pizza: " << endl;
cout << "company: ";
cin >> p.company;
cout << "diameter: ";
cin >> p.diameter;
cout << "weight: ";
cin >> p.weight;
// 显示
cout << "The information of the pizza: " << p.company << " "
<< p.diameter << " " << p.weight << endl;
return 0;
}
(8)根据上题,使用 new 为结构体分配内存,且在输入披萨饼公司名称之前输入披萨饼的直径。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Pizza
{
string company;
float diameter;
float weight;
};
int main()
{
Pizza* p = new Pizza;
cout << "Please input the information of pizza: " << endl;
cout << "diameter: ";
cin >> p->diameter;
cout << "company: ";
cin >> p->company;
cout << "weight: ";
cin >> p->weight;
// 显示
cout << "The information of the pizza: " << p->company << " "
<< p->diameter << " " << p->weight << endl;
// 释放内存
delete p;
return 0;
}
(9)根据第 6 题,使用 new 关键字动态分配内存。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar
{
string brand;
float weight;
int calorie;
};
int main()
{
// 创建三个 CandyBar 变量
CandyBar* snacks = new CandyBar[3];
// 输入
cout << "Please input the information of first snack: " << endl;
cout << "brand: ";
cin >> snacks[0].brand;
cout << "weight: ";
cin >> snacks[0].weight;
cout << "calorie: ";
cin >> snacks[0].calorie;
cout << "Please input the information of second snack: " << endl;
cout << "brand: ";
cin >> snacks[1].brand;
cout << "weight: ";
cin >> snacks[1].weight;
cout << "calorie: ";
cin >> snacks[1].calorie;
cout << "Please input the information of third snack: " << endl;
cout << "brand: ";
cin >> snacks[2].brand;
cout << "weight: ";
cin >> snacks[2].weight;
cout << "calorie: ";
cin >> snacks[2].calorie;
// 显示
cout << "The first candy: " << snacks[0].brand << " "
<< snacks[0].weight << " " << snacks[0].calorie << endl;
cout << "The second candy: " << snacks[1].brand << " "
<< snacks[1].weight << " " << snacks[1].calorie << endl;
cout << "The third candy: " << snacks[2].brand << " "
<< snacks[2].weight << " " << snacks[2].calorie << endl;
// 释放内存
delete []snacks;
return 0;
}
(10)编写 C++ 程序,要求用户输入三次 40 码跑的成绩,并显示次数和平均成绩。
- array 的使用格式为:
array<typename, n_elem> arr
。
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// 使用 array 存储成绩
array<float, 3> arr;
cout << "Please input three scores of 40-yard runs: ";
cin >> arr[0] >> arr[1] >> arr[2];
// 显示
cout << "The average score for " << arr.size()
<< " 40-yard runs is " << (arr[0] + arr[1] + arr[2]) / 3.0 << endl;
return 0;
}