SQL AVG 函数
AVG 函数返回数值列的平均值。NULL 值不包括在计算中。SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name
SQL MAX()和MIN() 函数
MAX(MIN)函数返回一列中的最大(小)值。NULL 值不包括在计算中。SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name
SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name
注释:MIN 和 MAX 也可用于文本列,以获得按字母顺序排列的最高或最低值。
SQL SUM() 函数
SUM 函数返回数值列的总数(总额)。SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name
SQL HAVING 子句
在 SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是,WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用。SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value
SQL UCASE()和LCASE() 函数
UCASE(LCASE) 函数把字段的值转换为大(小)写。SELECT UCASE(column_name) FROM table_name
SELECT LCASE(column_name) FROM table_name
SQL MID() 函数
MID 函数用于从文本字段中提取字符。SELECT MID(column_name,start[,length]) FROM table_name
参数 | 描述 |
column_name | 必需。要提取字符的字段。 |
start | 必需。规定开始位置(起始值是 1)。 |
length | 可选。要返回的字符数。如果省略,则 MID() 函数返回剩余文本。 |
SQL LENGTH() 函数
LEN 函数返回文本字段中值的长度。SELECT LENGTH(column_name) FROM table_name
SQL ROUND() 函数
ROUND 函数用于把数值字段舍入为指定的小数位数。SELECT ROUND(column_name,decimals) FROM table_name
参数 | 描述 |
column_name | 必需。要舍入的字段。 |
decimals | 必需。规定要返回的小数位数。 |
SQL NOW() 函数
NOW 函数返回当前的日期和时间。SELECT NOW() FROM table_name
SQL FORMAT() 函数
FORMAT 函数用于对字段的显示进行格式化。SELECT FORMAT(column_name,format) FROM table_name
参数 | 描述 |
column_name | 必需。要格式化的字段。 |
format | 必需。规定格式。 |
SQL 快速参考
SQL 语句
语句 | 语法 |
AND / OR | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition AND|OR condition |
ALTER TABLE (add column) | ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype |
ALTER TABLE (drop column) | ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name |
AS (alias for column) | SELECT column_name AS column_alias FROM table_name |
AS (alias for table) | SELECT column_name FROM table_name AS table_alias |
BETWEEN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2 |
CREATE DATABASE | CREATE DATABASE database_name |
CREATE INDEX | CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) |
CREATE TABLE | CREATE TABLE table_name( column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, ....... ) |
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX | CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) |
CREATE VIEW | CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition |
DELETE FROM | DELETE FROM table_name (Note: Deletes the entire table!!) or DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition |
DROP DATABASE | DROP DATABASE database_name |
DROP INDEX | DROP INDEX table_name.index_name |
DROP TABLE | DROP TABLE table_name |
GROUP BY | SELECT column_name1, SUM(column_name2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name1 |
HAVING | SELECT column_name1, SUM(column_name2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name1 HAVING SUM(column_name2) condition value |
IN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..) |
INSERT INTO | INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2,....) or INSERT INTO table_name (column_name1, column_name2,...) VALUES (value1, value2,....) |
LIKE | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern |
ORDER BY | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC] |
SELECT | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name |
SELECT * | SELECT * FROM table_name |
SELECT DISTINCT | SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name |
SELECT INTO (used to create backup copies of tables) | SELECT * INTO new_table_name FROM original_table_name or SELECT column_name(s) INTO new_table_name FROM original_table_name |
TRUNCATE TABLE (deletes only the data inside the table) | TRUNCATE TABLE table_name |
UPDATE | UPDATE table_name SET column_name = new_value [, column_name=new_value] WHERE column_name=some_value |
WHERE | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition |