Dubbo实例

1.   概述  


Dubbo是一个分布式服务框架,致力于提供高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用方案,以及SOA服务治理方案。主要核心部件 


Remoting: 网络通信框架,实现了sync-over-async 和 request-response 消息机制. 


RPC: 一个远程过程调用的抽象,支持负载均衡、容灾和集群功能 


Registry: 服务目录框架用于服务的注册和服务事件发布和订阅。 


Dubbo采用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入应用,对应用没有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加载Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基于Spring的Schema扩展进行加载。 

dubbo架构图如下所示:

 


节点角色说明: 
       Provider: 暴露服务的服务提供方。 
       Consumer: 调用远程服务的服务消费方。 
       Registry: 服务注册与发现的注册中心。 
       Monitor: 统计服务的调用次调和调用时间的监控中心。 
       Container: 服务运行容器。 
调用关系说明: 
0 服务容器负责启动,加载,运行服务提供者。 
1. 服务提供者在启动时,向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。 
2. 服务消费者在启动时,向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。 
3. 注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者,如果有变更,注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。 
4. 服务消费者,从提供者地址列表中,基于软负载均衡算法,选一台提供者进行调用,如果调用失败,再选另一台调用。 
5. 服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。 



2.   实例



2.1 pom.xml  

首先maven项目增加dubbo的jar依赖,因为要用到zookeeper注册中心,也要依赖但是要去掉自带的log4j。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>test</groupId>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring.version>3.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- dubbo  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- zookeeper  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.6</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

因为要增加zookeeper的注册管理,所以如果有可用的zookeeper就用可用的zookeeper。本实例使用的zk地址是192.168.4.114:2181

2.2 dubbo-provider.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!-- 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 -->
    <dubbo:application name = "hello-world-app-provider" />

    <!--zookeeper注册中心 -->
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.168.4.114:2181" />

    <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />

    <!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 -->
    <dubbo:service interface="com.mt.test.DemoService" ref="demoProvideService"/>
    <!-- 具体的实现bean -->
    <bean id="demoProvideService" class="com.mt.test.DemoServiceImpl" />
</beans>


2.3 dubbo-consumer.xml  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 -->
    <dubbo:application name="hello-world-app-consumer"/>
    <!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.168.4.114:2181"/>
    <!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以和本地bean一样使用demoService -->
    <dubbo:reference id="demoConsumeService" interface="com.mt.test.DemoService"/>

</beans>

2.4 DemoService.java  

package com.mt.test;

import java.util.List;

public interface DemoService {
    public String sayHello(String name);

    public List getUsers();
}


2.5 DemoServiceImpl.java
package com.mt.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{
    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        return "Hello " + name;
    }

    @Override
    public List getUsers() {
        List list = new ArrayList();
        User u1 = new User();
        u1.setName("jack");
        u1.setAge(20);
        u1.setSex("男");

        User u2 = new User();
        u2.setName("tom");
        u2.setAge(21);
        u2.setSex("女");

        User u3 = new User();
        u3.setName("rose");
        u3.setAge(19);
        u3.setSex("女");

        list.add(u1);
        list.add(u2);
        list.add(u3);
        return list;
    }
}

2.6 LuncherProvider.java

package com.mt.test;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

public class LuncherProvider {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        LuncherProvider luncher = new LuncherProvider();
        luncher.start();
        System.in.read(); // 为保证服务一直开着,利用输入流的阻塞来模拟
    }

    public void start() {
        String configLocation = "spring/dubbo-provider.xml";
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocation);
        String[] names = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        System.out.print("Beans:");
        for (String string : names)
            System.out.print(string + ",");
        System.out.println();
    }
}


2.7 LuncherConsumer.java

package com.mt.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class LuncherConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        LuncherConsumer luncher = new LuncherConsumer();
        luncher.start();
    }


    void start() {
        String configLocation = "spring/dubbo-consumer.xml";
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocation);
        String[] names = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        System.out.print("Beans:");
        for (String string : names) {
            System.out.print(string);
            System.out.print(",");
        }
        System.out.println();


        DemoService ds = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoConsumeService");
        System.out.println(ds.sayHello("hehe"));
        System.out.println(ds.getUsers());
    }
}


2.8 User.java

package com.mt.test;

import java.io.Serializable;


//必须实现Serializable接口
public class User implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2814022769568306965L;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String sex;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}<strong>
</strong>

运行结果:

(1)provider:

Beans:hello-world-app-provider,com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig,dubbo,com.mt.test.DemoService,demoProvideService, 

(2)consumer:

Beans:hello-world-app-consumer,com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig,demoConsumeService, 
Hello hehe 
[User{name='jack', age=20, sex='男'}, User{name='tom', age=21, sex='女'}, User{name='rose', age=19, sex='女'}] 


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